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BDS2 BAMS Anatomy > Trigeminal Nerve 1 > Flashcards

Trigeminal Nerve 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerve is the trigeminal

A

5

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2
Q

Does the trigeminal nerve have sensory or motor routes

A

both

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3
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic nerve
maxillary nerve
mandibular nerve

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4
Q

What divisions of the trigmeninal are targeted by the local anesthesia

A

maxillary and mandibular

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5
Q

What is the osteology that needs to be known when looking at the skull anteriorly

A

supraorbital notch (foramen)
zygomatic bone
mental foramen

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6
Q

What exits through the supra orbital notch/foramen

A

the supra orbital nerve

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7
Q

What is the supra orbital nerve

A

a continuation of the frontal nerve (ophthalmic)

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8
Q

What passes through the infraorbital foramen

A

the infra orbital nerve

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9
Q

What is the infra orbital nerve

A

a branch of the maxillary nerve

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10
Q

What passes through the mental foramen

A

it transmits the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (and the mental artery)

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11
Q

When looking at the osteology of the hard palate what should you be able to identify

A

should be able to differentiate between the maxilla and the palatine bone
incisive foramen
greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen

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12
Q

What passes through the incisive foramen

A

the nasopalatine nerve

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13
Q

What passes through the greater palatine foramen

A

greater palatine nerve

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14
Q

What passes through the lesser palatine foramen

A

lesser palatine nerve

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15
Q

What are the key features of the mandible

A

it is the site of attachment for several muscles
it has foramina for the passage of neuromuscular structures
it has teeth in the alveolar processes

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16
Q

What do you need to be able to identify on the mandible

A

condylar process
coronoid process
mental foramen

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17
Q

What is the condylar process

A

forms part of the TMJ

can be felt when asking patient to open and close their mouth

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18
Q

What is the coronoid process

A

site of attachment for the temporals

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19
Q

What should you be able to identify on the medial site of the mandible

A

lingula

mandibular foramen

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20
Q

Why is the lingula significant

A

it can be felt easily

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21
Q

What is the mandibular foramen for

A

it allows the passage of the inferior alveolar nerve

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22
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve exit

A

at the mid pons

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23
Q

What are the 2 components in terms of information that the trigeminal transmits from the periphery to the brainstem

A

special visceral efferent

general somatic afferent

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24
Q

What is the special visceral efferent

A

it is efferent because it is motor information comes from the motor nucleus

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25
Q

Where is the motor nucleus of the trigeminal

A

at the level of the pons

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26
Q

What is the special visceral efferent information to

A

predominantly the muscles of mastication

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27
Q

What are the 3 different brainstem nuclei that information that general somatic afferent info is sent to

A

mesencephalic nuclei
chief sensory nuclei
spinal nuclei

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28
Q

Where is the mesencephalic nuclei found

A

in the mid brain

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29
Q

What is the mesencephalic nuclei for

A

proprioception

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30
Q

What is the chief sensory nuclei found

A

in the pons

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31
Q

What is the chief sensory nuclei for

A

discriminative touch

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32
Q

Where is the spinal nucleus found

A

founding the medulla oblongata

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33
Q

What is the spinal nucleus for

A

For pain and temperature for structures supplied by the trigeminal as well as general conscious sensation for the viscera supplied by cranial nerves 9 and 10

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34
Q

What is a ganglion

A

w A ganglion is when all the fibres of the trigeminal nerve are together and before the trigeminal nerve divides into it’s 3 divisions

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35
Q

What is the cavity in the dura mater that the trigeminal ganglion occupies called

A

MECKELS CAVE

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36
Q

Describe the course of the trigeminal nerve as it approaches the ganglion

A

The nerve roots of CN V emerge from the mid pons and pass forwards onto the apex of the petrous temporal bone where the trigeminal ganglion lies in a cave of dura mater (Meckel’s cave)

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37
Q

What does the first division of the trigeminal nerve pass through

A

superior orbital fissure

38
Q

What does the second division of the trigeminal nerve pass through

A

foramen rotundum

39
Q

What does the third division of the trigeminal nerve pass through

A

foramen ovale

40
Q

What is the trigeminal ganglion close to

A

the cavernous sinus

41
Q

What branches of the trigeminal nerve pass through the cavernous sinus

A

V1 and V2 pass anteriorly in the lateral wall fo the cavernous sinus to reach the superior orbital fissure and foramen rotunda respectively

42
Q

If a patient has an injury that effects all 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve what is it likely to be

A

injury somewhere in the pons e.g stroke

injury at the cranial base e.g trauma or tumor

43
Q

In the cavernous sinus, what is the trigeminal nerve close to

A

the internal carotid artery and its sympathetic plexus

44
Q

What is the significance of the trigeminal nerves close proximity to the internal carotid artery

A

a clot forming in this artery can result in compression of the nerve

45
Q

If the divisions of the trigeminal nerve are affected in the cavernous sinus then what is usually also effected

A

the other nerves present
Cn3, 4 and 6
usually severe issues seen in the eye

46
Q

What is the course of the ophthalmic nerve

A

passes anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to reach the superior orbital fissure
once inside the orbit it divides into the different divisions

47
Q

What does the ophthalmic division provide sensorial innervation to

A

scalp, eye, upper face and sinuses

48
Q

What are the main branches of the ophthalmic branch

A

frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary

49
Q

What does the frontal nerve branch into

A

supraorbital

supratrochlear

50
Q

What does the terminal branches nasociliary nerve branch into

A

infratrochlear

external nasal

51
Q

What are the TERMINAL branches of the ophthalmic nerve

A 
supraorbital
supratrochlear
lacrimal
infratrochlear 
external nasal
52
Q

What do the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve provide sensation to

A

different parts of the forehead

provide sensation to the skin of the vertex (the scalp) and the upper eyelid/forehead

53
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve supply

A

Lacrimal nerve innervates the lacrimal gland and skin of the lateral and upper eyelid and forehead

54
Q

What is the external nasal nerve a continuation of

A

the external nasal nerve is a CONTINUATION of the anterior ethmoidal nerve which comes off the nasociliary nerve

55
Q

What does the external nasal nerve supply

A

tip of the nose

56
Q

What does the infratrochlear nerve supply

A

the skin at the medial angle of the eye and adjacent root of nose

57
Q

What is the significance of the nasociliary supplying both the tip of the nose and the cornea

A

Should the shingles appear at the tip of the nose then this may be a warning that the disease will also develop on the cornea which could result in loss of sight

58
Q

What is shingles

A

Shingles is due to the virus that causes chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus) which sits dormant on the trigeminal ganglion but when it reactivates it is known as shingles which can present on any division of the trigeminal nerve

59
Q

What does CN V1 supply in relation to the eye

A

the skin of the upper eyelid, underlying conjuctiva both on the eyelid and over the cornea

60
Q

What part does Cn V1 play in the corneal reflex

A

the sensorial part of the reflex is the nasociliary nerve

motor part is the facial nerve

61
Q

What do the ethmoidal nerves (anterior and posterior) supply

A

ethmoidal sinuses, lateral wall of the nasal cavity and nasal septum)

62
Q

What is the course of the maxillary division

A

N V2 passes anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and reaches the PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA via the foramen rotundum

63
Q

What is the foramen rotunda also called

A

the middle cranial fossa

64
Q

What is the foramen rotundum hidden in

A

the pterygopalatine fossa

65
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine fossa lie

A

just lateral to the upper aspect of the nasal cavity & nasopharynx behind the orbit and above the hard/soft palate

66
Q

What does the pterygomaxillary fissure do

A

w The pterygomaxillary fissure gives entry to the pterygopalatine fossa

67
Q

Where can the sphenopalatine foramen be found

A

in the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa

68
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the maxillary division

A

zygomatic

infra orbital

69
Q

What are the other important branches of the maxillary division

A

nasopalatine
greater and lesser palatine to the palate
alveolar to the upper teeth

70
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve branch into

A

○ Zygomaticotemporal (to the temple)

Zygomaticofacial (further down the face)

71
Q

What does the infraorbital go down to

A

upper lip

72
Q

What do the anterior superior alveolar nerve and middle superior alveolar nerves branch from

A

the infraorbital

73
Q

Does the posterior superior alveolar branch from the infraorbital?

A

No

it is its own branch

74
Q

What does the palatine nerve go through

A

the palatine canal

gives off the greater and lesser palatine nerves

75
Q

Where does the nasal nerve go

A

disappears in the sphenopalatine foramen

76
Q

What does CNV2 send the zygomatic and infraorbital branches

A

into the orbit via the INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

77
Q

Where does the infraorbital branch exit

A

through the intra orbital foramen

78
Q

Where does the zygomatic branch exit

A

The zygomatic branch divides into the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerve which then exit the orbit using identically named foramina.

79
Q

What does CNV2 supply

A

parts of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, maxillary sinus, hard and soft palate, upper teeth and gums

80
Q

Describe the course of the nasopalatine nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve exits at the pons > second division exits through the foramen rotundum > goes through the pterygopalatine fossa > goes through the sphenopalatine foramen (foramen in the pterygopalatine fossa) to reach the nasal cavity, into the septum and passes inferiorly to reach the anterior hard palate and exits through the incisive foramen

81
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve enter the hard palate through

A

INCISIVE CANAL

82
Q

What are the 3 alveolar branches

A

anterior superior alveolar
middle superior alveolar
posterior superior alveolar

83
Q

What is the course of the posterior superior alveolar

A

The pterygomaxillary fissure connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa which transmits the posterior superior alveolar nerve. It exits through the fissure into the temporal fossa

84
Q

What are the 2 palatine branches

A

○ Greater palatine

Lesser palatine

85
Q

What is the course of the palatine nerves

A

They pass through the palatine fossa, go through the palatine canal and exit through the corresponding foramen (greater palatine foramen and lesser palatine foramen) that are found on the hard palate

86
Q

Where are the palatine nerves found

A

They are found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity unlike the nasopalatine

87
Q

What are the upper teeth innervated by

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve
Middle superior alveolar nerve
Posterior superior alveolar nerve

88
Q

What is the upper labial gingiva innervated by

A

by the same nerve that supplies the tooth

89
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate regarding the gingiva

A

innervates the mucosa surrounding the incisive papilla and the palatal gingival margins of the anterior teeth

90
Q

What does the greater palatine nerve innervate regarding the gingiva

A

innervates the palatal tissues and the palatal gingiva posterior to the canines after passing through the greater palatine foramen

91
Q

What do the greater palatine nerve and nasopalatine supply in regards to the hard palate

A

they overlap in their innervation of it

92
Q

What does the lesser palatine nerve supply

A

the soft palate and uvula

BDS2 BAMS Anatomy (3 decks)

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