Development of Face and Palate Flashcards

1
Q

When does development of the face occur

A

4-8 weeks IUL

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2
Q

When does formation of the palate occur

A

6-8 weeks IUL

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3
Q

When is the earliest bone laid down in the skull

A

6-7 weeks in mandible

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4
Q

What forms from the first pharyngeal arch

A
trigeminal nerve
muscles of mastication 
malleus 
incus
meckel's cartilage
(mandible and part of maxilla)
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5
Q

What is Meckel’s cartilage

A

mandible forms around it

ear forms from it

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6
Q

What are the pharyngeal arches

A

consist of a mesenchymal core covered on the outside by ectoderm and separated by a series of clefts and inside they are covered by endoderm and are separated by pouches

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7
Q

What does each pharyngeal arch contain

A

a central rod of a precartilaignous mesenchyme which will be tranformed into some of the adult skeletal structures

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8
Q

What are the 5 prominences in the face

A
frontonasal prominence
medial nasal prominence
lateral nasal prominence 
maxillary prominence
mandibular prominence
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9
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence form

A

forehead

bridge of nose

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10
Q

What does the medial nasal prominence form

A

inter maxillary process which forms:
midline of the nose
philtrum upper lip
primary palate

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11
Q

What does the lateral nasal prominence form

A

alas of nose

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12
Q

What does the maxillary prominence form

A

cheeks; lateral upper lip

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13
Q

What does the mandibular prominence form

A

lower lip and jaw

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14
Q

If the mandibular processes don’t fuse what does this result in

A

a cleft chin or dimple in the chin (if partially fused)

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15
Q

Where the maxillary and mandibular processes fuse what will this result in

A

the corner of the mouth

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16
Q

What is the stomadeuom

A

the primitive mouth

17
Q

Does the frontonasal come from the first pharyngeal arch

18
Q

How are the nasal and oral cavities separated

A

they are separated into individual cavities during the 7th and 8th week by formation of the palatal shelves

19
Q

What do the palatal shelves derive from

A

maxillary prominence

20
Q

When the palatal shelves form what does this result in

A

the secondary palate

21
Q

Where do the primary shelves fuse at

A

the incisive foramen

22
Q

What age do we have all the deciduous dentition

23
Q

From what age do we have a mixed dentition

24
Q

From what age do we have all the permanent dentition

25
What can help you determine age
``` look at FPM look for primary dentition look for permanent dentition look for third molars look for closed/open apices ```
26
What is synchondrosis
Primary cartilaginous joint - mainly found in the developing skeleton
27
What is an ossification centre
Starting point for growth
28
What is the first ossification centre to appear
the primary ossification centre
29
What is a fontanelle
Membranous area ('soft spots') between bones of the neurocranium
30
What is the function of a fontanelle
Allows for compression and overlap of bones during birthing
31
How many fontanelles are there
1 anterior- closes around 2 years 1 posterior - closes around 1-3 months 2 mastoid (posterolateral) - closes around 6-18 months 2 sphenoid (anterolateral) - closes around 6 months
32
What can be seen in a fetal skull
metric suture | mental symphysis
33
What is the angle of the mandible in fetal skulls and females
obtuse
34
What is the tympanic ring
forms the ear | it is a ring rather than a plate in fetus
35
What does the 2nd pharyngeal arch form
facial nerve muscles of facial expression hyoid
36
What does the 3rd pharyngeal arch form
glossopharyngeal nerve stylopharyngess common carotid artery hyoid
37
What does the 4th and 6th arch form
vagus nerve muscles of the pharynx and larynx aortic arch laryngeal cartilages
38
What is a cleft palate due to
failure of the fusion of the palatal shelves at the midline
39
What is a cleft lip due to
failure of fusion of maxillary prominence and medial nasal process