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Pols 206 > Tricky Questions - Soviet Policy Post Stalin > Flashcards

Tricky Questions - Soviet Policy Post Stalin Flashcards

1
Q

What was Stalins response to the cold war?

A
  • Tightening state/party control
  • Relentless economic mobilisation
  • Nuclear weapons programme
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2
Q

How did Stalin respond to marshall plan?

A
  • sovietisation of Eastern Europe, only Marshal Tito held out in Yugoslavia
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3
Q

When was the establishment of Cominform?

A
  • Cominform established 1947
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4
Q

Describe Stalin’s purges

A
  • 93 of 139 on central committee
  • 81 of 103 generals
  • 3 million party members
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5
Q

What did Krushchev do after Stalin’s death?

A
  • Destalinisation
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6
Q

When was the secret speech?

What did it include?

A
  • 20th Party congress 1956
  • Denounced Stalin purges, responsible for 600,000 to 1.2 million deaths
  • Criticised his mangement of the war effort
  • Did not like cult of personality
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7
Q

How was Krushchev fairly liberal?

A
  • Freed thousands of political prisoners

- Relaxation of censorship to some extent

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8
Q

When was the Sino soviet split (roughly?)

A
  • 1960ish
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9
Q

What and when was the Berlin crisis?

A
  • November 1968 - 1961.

- Kruschev ordered western forces to vacate Berlin within 6 months because many East Berliners were going into the west

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10
Q

During the Berlin crisis Kruschev was willing to cooperate how? However what stopped the talks?

A
  • September 1959 Kruschev and Eisenhower met for discussions. But in May 1960 a U2 spy plane being shot down ruined hopes of cooperation
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11
Q

Krushchev liked the concept of what foreign policy?

A
  • Peaceful coexistence
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12
Q

Krushchev gave aid to who?

A
  • Cuba, Egypt, India (he also supported the non aligned movement)
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13
Q

Who led the Hungarian revolution (post 20th party congress)?

A
  • Imre Nagy, october 1956
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14
Q

What did Imre Nagy want from his political system?

A
  • Multiparty
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15
Q

What did Imre Nagy announce in 1956?

A
  • He wanted to leave the Warsaw pact
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16
Q

When the Soviets deposed Nagy government what were the population costs?

A
  • 5000 dead
  • 2500 casualties
  • 350 executed
17
Q

What was the western response to the Hungarian uprising?

A
  • ONLY RHETORICAL SUPPORT
  • Free Europe radio encouraged a rise up
  • No intervention despite talk of rollback by dulles admin
18
Q

What was the Truman administration strategy to the soviet union?

A
  • deter provocation, proportionality, limited response

= never wanted to use nuclear weapons in Korea to break stalemate

19
Q

When was start of Eisenhower admin?

A

1953 (to 1961)

- his secretary of state was Dulles

20
Q

What was the Eisenhower administration like?

A
  • Fiscally conservative, containment on a budget

- First president to integrate nuclear weapons into strategic and diplomatic thinking

21
Q

Quote from Dulles?

A
  • Before he died in 1959 “neutrality has increasingly become and obsolete conception”
22
Q

What was Dulles new look?

Plus two key policies related to this

A

More investment on weapons and less on conventional forces as best way to deter aggression

  • Doctrine of massive retaliation 1954, Dulles “to retaliate instantly, by means an places at our own choosing”
  • Brinkmanship “to get to the edge without getting into the war is the necessary art”
23
Q

Describe the use of atomic diplomacy under Eisenhower

A
  • Indochina 1954 - 1958
  • Formosa straits
  • Threatens nuclear weapons to break Korean deadlock
24
Q

Exemplify brinkmanship in action

A
  • USA never got involved in Hungary
25
Q

How and when were the USSR winning the space race?

A
  • 1957 = first satellite in space, sputnik
26
Q

When were Soviet threats of rocket attacks

A
  • Suez 1956
  • Berlin crisis
  • Formossa straits
27
Q

Exemplify Russia winning ICBM

A
  • 1957 is first Russian ICBM

- 1959 is first American ICBM

28
Q

Overview of the Eisenhower administration?

A
  • Brought down military spending
  • Avoided military intervention in Berlin
  • Formosa straits military avoided 1958
  • Ended Korean war
29
Q

What was JFK policy after Eisenhower?

A
  • Flexible response
30
Q

China goes nuclear?

A
  • 1964

Pols 206 (14 decks)

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