French / German integration

Question 1

Why did the post ww2 approach differ form post ww1?

Answer 1

• Post world war one punitive approach was seen as a failure
• US wanted closer cooperation amongst European states
• West Germany needed to regain international trust
• France and Germany would have to be at the centre of any push for integration

Question 2

What was a secondary US interest in promoting cooperation in western Europe?

Answer 2

• To act as a buffer to USSR

Question 3

When was the federal german republic created?

Bonn was capital

Answer 3

• April 1949

Question 4

The first chancellor Adenauer favoured what?

Answer 4

• He favoured western integration and west German membership of Nato. Westbindung

Question 5

What were the policies of Adenauer? (4)

Answer 5

1. End allied occupation of western Germany
2. Close alliance with USA
3. Integration of Western Europe
4. German reunification

Question 6

Exemplify how Adenauer relied heavily on the west?

Answer 6

• Relied on USA for security, US troops and weapons were on her soil
• He refused to recognise East Germany

Question 7

What was the Hallestine doctrine of 1955?

Answer 7

West Germany cut ties with East and refused to recognise any nation who worked with east

(changes with Ostpolitik in 70s)

Question 8

What were the goals of post war France?

Answer 8

• pushed four occupation zone in Germany
• UN security council seat
• Sought to restore the French empire

REGAIN A GREAT POWER STATUS

Question 9

What was a condition for France being on the UN security council?

Answer 9

• France would have to work as the driver of European integration, recovery of west European economy was vital in order to ensure the prosperity of the continent

Question 10

What was the Schuman declaration?

Answer 10

French foreign minister Robert Schuman called for European coal and steel community. This was not just economics, would make war unthinkable and virtually impossible

= May 9th 1950 Europe day

Question 11

When was the European coal and steel community made?

what were its founding members?

Answer 11

• 1951

- West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg

Question 12

When was the formation of the European economic community?

Answer 12

Treaty of Rome 1957

Question 13

What were the aims of De Gaulle after French republic crumbles in 1958?

Answer 13

• Franco-German reconciliation
• Euro leadership role
• EEC as the best way to modernise the economy and contain Germany

Question 14

Where did German and French policy differ?

Answer 14

1. De Gaulle was very opposed to surrendering any national autonomy to new EU institutions, e.g. Empty chair crisis of 1965-56
2. Due to better geographical position than Germany France was less concerned about security
3. De Gaulle wanted military autonomy
4. He wanted a nuclear deterrent

Question 15

Name two occasions when were was tension between Paris and Bonn over the EU

Answer 15

• Empty chair crisis 1965-1966

- Conflict in 1961 over moves to deepen the EEC

Question 16

When was a Franco-German treaty and what did it do?

Elysee Treaty

Answer 16

• 22nd Jan 1963
• Regular meetings between French and German officials of all levels
• Setting up of a ministerial commission to co-ordinate action and report back to the two governments
• Cooperation on foreign policy

Question 17

Who was successor to Adenauer (shortly after Elysee treaty)?

What was president Erhard like?

Answer 17

• Erhard
• Erhard differed from Adenauer significantly: atlantacist, supported western alliance under US leadership.
• Did favour strengthening EEC and British membership (Which De Gaulle opposed)

Question 18

Did Erhard and De Gaulle live up to the Eylsee treaty?

Answer 18

• No, there were strains in the relationship through the 60s, little defence and foreign policy cooperation.
• De Gaulle autonomous path from 1963
• Relations improved when De Gaulle left office in 1969

Question 19

Who was a successor to De Gaulle? (1969 - 1974) What was he like

Answer 19

• Pompidou
• More trusting of the EEC, wanted it closer with British membership
  (Enlargement extended to the British in 1973)

Question 20

From 1969 who was chancellor in Germany?

Answer 20

• Willy Brandt

Question 21

What was famous policy of Willy Brandt?

Answer 21

• Ostpolitik

Question 22

What were famous achievements of Ostpolitik?

Answer 22

• August 1970 was a German-Soviet cooperation treaty by which the two nations agreed to accept European boundaries as they stood
• December 1970 Willy signed a German polish treaty recognising the Oder-Neisse frontier and renounced territorial claims to Poland

Question 23

When and what was the quadrapite agreement?

Answer 23

September 1971, free travel across Germany

Question 24

In November 1972 what did Brant also manage to achieve in terms of East west relations?

Answer 24

A treaty to normalise E/W relations (one nation two states)

Question 25

When was death of Brant and Pompidou?

Answer 25

1974, successors are D’Estaing and Schmid, they sought closer integration

Question 26

What does Ostpolitik mean for European politics?

Answer 26

• stabilisation
• less tension
• paved way for 1975 Helsinki agreement