Tricky Bits Flashcards
What happens when phenyl amine is heated? And what temp does this happen at?
Decomposes, forming an alcohol + N2(g) + water
Above 10°C but use 60° industrially
What are the two ways of creating a bromo alkane using HBr (KBr+H2SO4) ?
From an alkene using HBr at room temp
From an alcohol using HBr warm/reflux
How do you get from a carboxyl to an amide? (2steps)
Heat with (NH4)2CO3 Then heat strongly with P4O10 (to remove H2O)
What happens when amides are hydrolysed? what are the reagents for this? What is the by product?
Carboxylic acid is formed. NaOH(aq) then acidify with HCl(aq)
NH3 is given off
How do you test for ammonia gas?
Damp red litmus paper will turn blue
Forms white smoke with conc HCl
Give an equation for ammonolysis
RCOOR1 –NH3 (conc) anhydrous–> RCONH2 + R1OH
How is a complex amide formed?
By reacting an amine with an acyl chloride to give mixed amide + HCl
When does oxidation not use Cr2O72-?
What is used instead?
When oxidising methyl benzene to a carboxylic acid
MnO4-/OH- Na2CO3
(Then acidify with HCl(aq)
When does reduction not use LiAlH4 in dry ether r.t anhydrous Or NaBH4(aq) ?
When reducing nitrobenzene to phenylamine using Sn/HCl conc couple
Then NaOH to go from salt (NH4+Cl) to amine
How is pure dry phenylamine extracted from the impure aq form containing NaCl?
Steam distillation
Ether extraction
Distil under reduced pressure
Use lumps of drying agent if necessary
How is a carboxyl formed from a nitrile?
What is the by product?
Acid hydrolysis
HCl(aq) h/r
Forms carboxyl + NH4Cl
What four types of molecules hydrolyse to form carboxylic acids?
Using what reagents?
Nitriles HCl(aq) h/r amides NaOH(aq) acyl chlorides water esters NaOH(aq) h/r
