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WJEC Chemistry > Carboxyls > Flashcards

Carboxyls Flashcards

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0
Q

How are carboxylic acids produced from 1bromoethane? (2 ways)

A

1)NS of KCN in ethanol
Then acid hydrolysis of nitrile formed

2) NS to an alcohol with NaOH(aq) h/r
Then oxidation using Cr2O72-/H+ conc/aq h/r

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1
Q

What 5 ways are there of producing carboxylic acids?

A
  • Oxidation of primary alcohols
  • Hydrolysis of Acyl Chlorides
  • Alkaline hydrolysis of nitriles
  • Acid hydrolysis of nitriles
  • Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester
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2
Q

What is formed when an acyl chloride is hydrolysed using water?

A

Carboxylic acid + HCl

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3
Q

What is the test to confirm that a nitrile has been converted to a carboxylsalt via alkaline hydrolysis?

A

NH3 is produced so blue litmus turns red

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4
Q

How do you convert a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?

A

Either
a) alkaline hydrolysis using NaOH(aq) h/r then acidify using HCl
Or
b) acid hydrolysis using HCl (aq) h/r

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5
Q

How are carboxylic acids decarboxylated?

A

By heating with soda lime

Forms an alkane with -1C chain

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6
Q

What are the conditions for the halogenation of carboxylic acids?

A

PCl5 anhydrous room temp

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7
Q

What is formed from the halogenation of carboxylic acids?

A

Acyl chlorides

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8
Q

What are the conditions needed to convert an acyl chloride to an amide?

A

NH3 conc
Anhydrous
Room temp

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9
Q

What happens when carboxylic acids are reacted with (NH4)2CO3 with heat?

A

An acid-base reaction

RCOO-NH4+ + CO2 + H2O

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10
Q

How can the ammonium salt of a carboxylic acids be converted to an amide?

A

Heat strongly with P4O10

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11
Q

Why are carboxylic acid’s oate ions relatively stable?

A

The negative charge can be delocalised across several atoms

R-COO-

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12
Q

Why is methanoic acid more acidic than ethanoic acid?

A

Methanoic acid readily delocalises due to no induction by H
(The O withdraws and O-H bond is weakened)
Ethanoic acid is influenced by the inductive alkyl group (+ve inductive effect) so there is increased stability of the starting materials

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13
Q

How is a benzene carboxylic acid formed?

A

Methyl benzene —MnO4-/ OH-
Na2CO3(aq) —> phenyl carboxyl salt + 6H+ + 6e-
Then acidify with HCl (aq) to form phenyl carboxylic acid

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14
Q

How can the sodium salt of benzene carboxylic acid be decarboxylated?

A 
Using NaOH(s)
Forming benzene + Na2CO3
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WJEC Chemistry (7 decks)

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