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Parasitology I > Trichomoniasis & Histomoniasis > Flashcards

Trichomoniasis & Histomoniasis Flashcards

1
Q

what are Trichomonads?

A

symbionts of GI and GU tract of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians
monoxenous
trophozoite multiples via binary fission

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2
Q

Trichomonads key structures

A

anterior flagella
undulating membrane and posterior free flagellum
axostyle

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3
Q

label the parts of a Trichomonads

A
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4
Q

describe the cyst stage of Trichomonads

A

NO thick-walled cyst stage
**unlike in Giardia
some have pseudocysts

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5
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus epidemiology and animals effected?

A

found worldwide
cattle, dogs, cats, humans, swine

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6
Q

location and transmission of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle

A

reproductive tract
sexual transmission

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7
Q

location of Tritrichomonas foetus in dogs and cats

A

large intestine

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8
Q

location of Tritrichomonas in swine

A

nasal cavity and GI tract

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9
Q

disease pattern and signs for females in Bovine Tritrichomonas

A

vagina, uterus, uterine tubes.
Signs - infertility, early abortion, uterine discharge, pyometra.
infection clears within 3 months post-breeding

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10
Q

disease pattern and signs for males in Bovine Tritrichomonas

A

penile and preputial membranes, distal urethra
Signs - asymptomatic and often chronic

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11
Q

how to clinically diagnose Bovine Tritrichomonas

A

ID trophozoites in sample/culture
CULTURE VIA INPOUCH TF BOVINE !!!

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12
Q

treatment for Bovine Tritrichomonas (T. foetus)

A

Ipronidazole for bulls
treated bulls can become re-infected

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13
Q

what is Tritrichomonas foetus?

A

Bovine Tritrichomonas

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14
Q

what is Tritrichomonas blagburni?

A

feline Tritrichomonas

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15
Q

Tritrichomonas blagburni epidemiology

A

found worldwide in cats
large bowel
fecal-oral transmission
most often in shelter cats

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16
Q

feline trichomoniasis location in body and signs

A

colon/cecum, ileum
signs - chronic D (may have blood/mucus), flatulence, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss
some are asymptomatic

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17
Q

how to diagnose feline trichomoniasis

A

ID trophozoites in fecal sample/culture
INPOUCH TF FELINE for culture
PCR (less common)

18
Q

what is trichomoniasis likely misidentified as?

A

Giardia

19
Q

how to treat feline trichomoniasis?

A

NONE FDA APPROVED

20
Q

what is Pentatrichomonas hominis?

A

canine trichomoniasis

21
Q

Pentatrichomonas hominis epidemiology

A

found worldwide
in large intestine of primates, canines, felids, rodent, swine
fecal-oral transmission

22
Q

canine trichomoniasis aka ___ is considered a rare ___ in dogs

A

P. hominis
rare commensal parasite in dogs

23
Q

how to diagnose Pentatrichomonas hominis

A

microscopy, culture, PCR

24
Q

what is Histomonas meleagridis?

A

bird trichomoniasis

25
Q

Histomonas meleagridis epidemiology

A

found worldwide
infects bird ceca, can spread to liver

26
Q

what’s the Histomonas meleagridis pleomorphic form?

A

flagellated luminal form
amoeboid tissue-dwelling

27
Q

Histomonas meleagridis transmission

A

cecal nematode (Heterakis gallinarum is vector)
cloacal drinking
possibly fecal-oral

28
Q

how does cloacal drinking occur in Histomonas meleagridis?

A

cloaca contracts infected feces -> histomonads drawn into GI tract -> ceca

29
Q

Histomonas meleagridis disease patterns

A

necrotic lesions on cecal wall or liver
cecal perforation
lethargy, drooping wings, decreased flight, yellow D

30
Q

Histomonas meleagridis diagnosis

A

gross pathology of ceca/liver
microscope exam
culture
PCR

31
Q

Histomonas meleagridis treatment

A

NONE approved for food producing birds

32
Q

Histomonas meleagridis prevention

A

separate turkeys from chickens
control Heterakis gallinarum
get birds off ground

33
Q

what is Trichomonas gallinae?

A

columbiform bird (pigeon and dove) Trichomonas

34
Q

Trichomonas gallinae epidemiology

A

found worldwide (N. America pigeons)
affects upper digestive tract (oropharynx, esophagus, crop), liver

35
Q

who is the main host of Trichomonas gallinae?

A

columbiform birds (pigeon, dove)

36
Q

where is Trichomonas gallinae starting to emerge?

A

Britain and parts of Europe

37
Q

Trichomonas gallinae transmission

A

infected crop milk, courtship behavior = columbiforms
ingestion of contaminated water/food

38
Q

Trichomonas gallinae disease patterns

A

caseous, necrotic lesions…
- upper digestive tract canker
- liver issues
mild to severe pathology
lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, salivation, caseous matter in/around mouth, foul mouth odor

39
Q

Trichomonas gallinae diagnosis

A

gross pathology (caseous oral lesions)
microscope
culture (INPOUCH TF)
PCR

40
Q

Trichomonas gallinae treatment

A

NO approved meds for food producing birds
surgical debridement of obstructive oral lesions

41
Q

Trichomonasis in captive reptiles

A

intestinal is common, may cause enteric disease
Tx with Metronidazole

Parasitology I (9 decks)

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