triangles of the neck Flashcards
where are pancoast tumors
they are at the apex of the lung and can spread to the upper thorax and neck
where do the 2 triangles of the neck join?
trapezius to the sternalcleidomastoid. this is the posterior triangle.
the anterior triangle is from the midline of the neck to the sternocleidomastoid.
which looks like the inverted triangle?
the anterior triangle of the neck looks like the inverted triangle
name the subregions of the neck from posterior to anterior
suboccipital region posterior cervical region lateral cervical region sternocleidomastoid region anterior cervical region
the sternocleidomastoid region has two heads at the midline, what is the joining of the 2 heads called?
lesser supraclavicular fossa.
the roots of the brachial plexuses found deep under which region?
omoclavicular triangle
what are the names of the 2 triangles that the lateral cervical region is split into?
posteriorly- occipital triangle
anteriorly-omoclaviular triangle
what is the chin triangle called?
submental triangle
where is the carotid bifurcation on the neck?
along the sternocleidomastoid region and the meeting of carotid triangle line.
what are the 4 regions, that the anterior cervical region is split into?
the submental triangle,
the submandibular triangle,
the carotid triangle,
the muscular triangle
what is inside the pretracheal layer?
it has the trachea,
the oesophagus,
thyroid gland
what is the pretracheal layer named so?
as it goes in front of the trachea
what is In the prevertebral layer?
the vertebrae and the spinal cord and muscles (erector spinae of the back)
what is the platysma muscle like?
it is a thin layer of muscle along the outside of the front and lateral sides of the neck
where does the external jugular vein run?
on top of the sternalclediomastoid muscles once you remove the platysma muscle
where does the anterior scalene muscle attach onto?
the 1st rib and forms the nubble on the rib.
where does the posterior scalene muscle attach onto?
the 2nd rib
what is infront of the anterior scalene- rib attachment?
subclavian veins
what is behind the anterior scalene muscle?
the subclavian artery and behind that is 5 nerve roots coming out to form the brachial plexus
what nerves is the scalene muscles innervated by?
the cervical spinal nerves
what is the muscle in the neck which have the sharp angle and why?
the omohyoid (has the superior and inferior bellies) as it is threading through the fascial sling to give it that angle
where does the sternothyroid go?
goes from the sternum to the thyroid
what are the 3 layers of deep cervical fascia?
investing, pretracheal, prevertebral
what muscles does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia enclose?
the trapezius and the two sternocleidomastoids.
and also the submandibular gland
what does the carotid sheath enclose?
the internal jugular vein, the common carotid artery and vagus nerve.
what is the function of the retropharyngeal space?
it is the potential space between the pretracheal layer and the buccopharyngeal layer. it allows the vertical movement of the pharynx, larynx, oesophagus and trachea during swallowing.
in which region is the middle and posterior scalene muscles found?
in the lateral cervical region
what supplies the sternocleidomastoid muscles?
the spinal accessory nerve
what are the two heads and the space in-between the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
the sternal head and the clavicular head.
the space is the lesser supraclavicular fossa.
what are the infrahyoid muscles and in what fascia layer are they in?
sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid and thryohyoid muscles and they are in the pretracheal layer
what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?
they are the strap muscles. they are 4 muscles in the anterior part of the neck.
they help dress the hyoid bone.
what are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?
by the inferior and superior thyroid muscles.
