hypertension Flashcards
what is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
primary- multiple unknown factors causing the hypertension.
secondary- hypertension caused by one other known disease ie renal disease.
causes for hypertension?
genetic, environment,
obesity,
insulin resistance,
salt sensitivity (leads to fluid retention)
what is the aim of treatment for hypertension?
SBP under 140mmHg and DBP under 90mmHg
effective
treatment with no side effects
balance side effects with good results
how do you calculate blood pressure?
CO * TPR
why would you get ACEI to treat hypertension?
the inhibits the ACE enzyme which converts angiotensin1>angiotension2
this reduces aldosterone (sodium/water retaining hormone) and vasoconstriction.
this reduces TPR which reduces BP
when should you avoid giving a patient ACEI for hypertension?
if they have narrowing of both renal arteries (stenosis) as to will lead heavy under perfusion of the kidneys and stimulate the RAAS system and could be fatal
why does ACEI sometimes give the cough side effect?
as increased bradykinin with can cause a cough
what is an alternative to ACEI?
A1 receptor antagonists which is where the angiotensin2 binds to
how do vasodilators work for hypertension treatment?
vasodilators block the Ca2+ channels on the smooth muscle for blood vessels and therefor decrease vasoconstriction so blood pressure can decrease.
how do diuretics work to help hypertension?
blocks the Na+/Cl- channels in the DCT of the kidneys and prevents renal reabsorption.
