Triangles of the Neck

Question 1

What are the Superior Posterior and Anterior boundaries of the Muscular Triangle?

Answer 1

Superior:
Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
 Posterior:
Lower part of Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior:
Mid-line of the neck

Question 2

What are the major contents of the muscular triangle?

(4 things)

Answer 2

Infrahyoid muscles
Thyroid and Cricoid cartilage

Thyroid gland

Trachea

Question 3

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

Answer 3

 Anterior: Superior belly of the Omohyoid muscle
 Superior: Posterior belly of Digastric muscle
 Posterior: Anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle
• Floor: Thyrohyoid muscle, Middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Question 4

What are the major contents of the carotid triangle?

(6 Things)

Answer 4

Bifurcation of the common carotid artery Initial distributions of the external carotid artery Vagus nerve (CN X)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Internal jugular vein
Superior and Inferior roots of Ansa Cervicalis

Question 5

What are the 5 branches of the external carotid artery found in the neck ?

Answer 5

 Facial artery
 Lingual artery
 Superior thyroid artery
 Occipital artery
 Ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 6

What are the two major blood sources in the neck?

Answer 6

Come from two major sources: 1. Carotid system
2. Subclavian system
A. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
 Internal carotid artery: No branches in the neck  External carotid artery: 8 Branches:
(5 branches in the neck)

Question 7

What are the three main points discusses about the carotid Sinus in class?

Answer 7

Carotid sinus
 Dilatation at the distal end of the internal carotid artery
 A barorecptor and as such it senses changes in blood pressure
Receives sensory innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 8

What are the three main points discussed about the carotid body in lecture?

Answer 8

Carotid body
Vascular structure that lies within the angle formed by the internal and external carotid arteries
A chemoreceptor and as such it senses changes in the oxygen content of the blood
Receives sensory innervation from glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus nerves

Question 9

Where are three places to check a pulse in the head and neck?

Answer 9

Common Carotid Artery Facial Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery

Question 10

Describe the deep venous system of the neck

Answer 10

Question 11

If you ahd to draw blood from the neck or administer IV fluids where would you do it?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the superficial cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the two deep motor branches?

Answer 13

Deep (motor) branches
C1–C3: Ansa cervicalis C3–C5: Phrenic Nerve

Question 14

What are the three superior branches of the vagus nerve?

Answer 14

Superiorly:

1. Pharyngeal branches
2. Superior laryngeal nerve with two branches:
   a. The Internal laryngeal nerve b. The External laryngeal nerve

Question 15

What are the inferior branches of the vagus

Answer 15

Inferiorly:
3. Recurrent laryngeal nerve. a. Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 16

What are the three sympathetic ganglia that distribute to the neck?

Answer 16

 Superior cervical ganglion.
To C1-C4 spinal nerves via gray rami
 Middle cervical ganglion.
To C5-C6 spinal nerves via gray rami
 Inferior cervical ganglion.
To C7-T1 spinal nerves via gray rami
(also called stellate or cervicothoracic ganglia)

Question 17

Where are the sympathetic ganglia of the neck?

Answer 17

Lies posterior to the carotid sheath and superficial to the prevertebral fascia.

Question 18

What are the two arteries that supply bood to the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

Superior thyroid artery First branch of the external carotid
artery.
Inferior thyroid artery Branch of the thyrocervical trunk

Question 19

Where is the thyroid?

Describe its fascial layers

What joins the two lobes?

Answer 19

Thyroid gland

 Large and unpaired endocrine gland

 Lies deep to the infrahyoid muscles

 Two lobes joined by an isthmus that crosses
the midline at 2nd and 3th tracheal rings

 Covered by pretracheal fascia of the deep
cervical fascia

Question 20

What is Horners syndrome?

What are the two causes?

Answer 20

Horner’s syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by damage to the sympathetic nervous system in the neck due to lesion or compression on one side of the thoracic or cervical sympathetic chain

Causes
1. Pancoast tumor (tumor in the apex of the lung) 2. Thyrocervical venous dilatation

Question 21

What are the clinical features of horners syndrome?

Answer 21

Clinical Features

• Miosis
• Ptosis

Question 22

What are the bounderies of the submental triangel?

Answer 22

Boundaries

 Lateral borders:
Anterior bellies if the digastric muscle

 Superior:
Inferior margins of the mandible

 Inferior:
Body of the hyoid bone

 Floor:
Medial portions of the mylohyoid muscle

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the 4 divisions of the anterior cervical triangle?

Answer 24

Submandibular triangle (paired)

Submental triangle (unpaired)

Muscular triangle (paired)

Carotid triangle (paired)

Question 25

What are the two fascial spaces of the neck?

Answer 25

Pretracheal space
Between the neck and the anterior part of the superior mediastinum.

Retropharyngeal space
Between the base of the skull and the upper part of the posterior mediastinum.

Question 26

Name the Marked Features

Answer 26

Question 27

(Not Perfect) Name this stuff

Answer 27

Question 28

What are the three fascial compartments of the neck?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are the two fascial spaces of the neck?

Which of these is dangerous for infection like if you had to do a trachietomy with an unsterile instrument

Answer 29

Pretrachial space- Between the neck and the superior part of the mediasteinum

Retrotrachial Space- Between the base of the skull and the upper part of the posterior mediastinum

Retrotrachial space = The Danger Zone

Question 30

What are the two venous system sof the superficial neck?

What Facial Layer are they contained in?

Answer 30

External Jugular Veins

Anterior Jugular Veins from the Submental Veins

Superficial Cervical Fascia

Question 31

What are the two main triangles of the neck

Answer 31

Anterior And Posterior

Question 32

What are the subdivisons of the anterior triangle

Answer 32

1. Submandibular
2. Submental
3. Muscular Triangle
4. Carotid Triangle

Question 33

What are the bounderies of the submental triangle?

Answer 33

Boundaries
 Lateral borders:
Anterior bellies if the digastric muscle
 Superior:
Inferior margins of the mandible
 Inferior:
Body of the hyoid bone
 Floor:
Medial portions of the mylohyoid muscle