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Anatomy Block 4 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many Cranial Nerves (CN) are there?

A

12

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2
Q

Are most CN attached via two roots?

A

For the most part, no. In contrast the spinal nerves are typically attached by two roots.

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3
Q

What is the origin of most CN?

A

Single attachment from Brainstem or Forebrain

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4
Q

Which two CN are attached by two roots?

A

V and VII

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5
Q

T or F: Cranial Nerves contain ganglia

A

True, they contain motor and sensory ganglia

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6
Q

Do all CN contain the same types of fibers?

A

No, they each contain a different set (GSA, GSE, GVE,GVA, SA, etc.)

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7
Q

Do all spinal nerves contain the same types of fibers?

A

Yes, they are mixed fiber nerves.

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8
Q

How are cranial components of the parasympathetic system distributed?

A

Via CN III, VII, IX, X “The parasympathetic club of cranial nerves”

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9
Q

Motor Ganglia are all _______________.

A

Chain, Collateral, or terminal parasympathetic autonomic ganglia, in cranial nerves they are all terminal ganglia since all motor autonomics are parasympathetic

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10
Q

What are the four parasympathetic ganglia of the CN system?

A

Cilary, Submandibular, Pterygopalatine, Otic

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11
Q

What CN is associated with the Ciliary ganglia?

A

3

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12
Q

What CN is associated with the Submandibular Ganglion?

A

7

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13
Q

What CN is associated with the Pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

7

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14
Q

What CN is associated with the Otic ganglion?

A

9

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15
Q

What type of fibers live in the previously described ganglia?

A

Postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers

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16
Q

What cell types does a dorsal root ganglion house (recall from last block)?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

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17
Q

What CN have associated sensory ganglia?

A

V, VII, IX, X

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18
Q

What sensory ganglia is associated with V? VII? IX? X?

A

V:Trigeminal ganglion, VII: Geniculate ganglion, IX: Superior and Inf. ganglia, X: Superior and inf. ganglia

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19
Q

What four functions do CN and spinal nerves share?

A

GSE, GVE, GVA, GSA

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20
Q

Are special sensory functions unique to cranial nerves?

A

Yes- Cranial Nerves only (four basic senses)

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21
Q

What functions does GSA have?

A

General somatic afferent, sensory from skin, skeletal muscles, fascia, joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, periosteum,

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22
Q

What functions does GVA have?

A

Sensory from visceral structures: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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23
Q

What functions does GVE have?

A

Parasympathetic motor innervations to smooth muscle, and glands [III,VII,IX,X]

24
Q

What functions does GSE have?

A

Motor to skeletal muscle, in head derived from somite or mesoderm

25
Q

What functions does BE have?

A

Motor to skeletal muscles in head and neck derived from branchial (pharyngeal) arch mesoderm

26
Q

What fibers provide sensory information from ectodermally derived structures?

A

GSA

27
Q

What fibers provide sensory information from endodermally derived structures?

A

GVA

28
Q

What functions do Special sensory fibers have?

A

Sensory related to vision, vestibular, and auditory senses, sensory from specialized receptors located in the head which are associated with visceral activity, taste and smell

29
Q

What provides sensory information from the mucosal lining of oral and nasal cavities?

A

GSA

30
Q

What provides sensory information from the mucosal lining of pharynx, esophagus, larynx, trachea, middle ear?

A

GVA

31
Q

What nerve innervates structures derived from the 1st branchial arch? 2nd? 3rd? 4th/6th? 5th?

A

Mandibular (V3), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), nothing (arch degenerates), respectively

32
Q

What nerve allegedly can be associated with the 6th arch and what does it innervate?

A

XI : SCM, Trapezius

33
Q

What does the first arch contain?

A

Muscles of Mastication, Ant. Belly of digastric, Mylohyoid m. , tensor veli palatini m., tensor tympani m.

34
Q

What does the second arch contain?

A

Muscles of facial expression, Post. belly of digasatric, Stylohyoid m., stapedius m.

35
Q

What does the third arch contain?

A

Stylopharngeus m.

36
Q

What does the fourth arch contain?

A

Larynx, Soft Palate, Pharynx

37
Q

What does the sixth arch contain?

A

SCM, Trapezius

38
Q

In a neurological exam if you were testing movements of the uvula what nerve would you be examining?

A

Vagus (Inn. of soft palate via muscles of 4th branchial arch)

39
Q

Do nerves develop from these arches?

A

No, they develop from neural crest cells and grow into the arches.

40
Q

Are tongue muscles and optic muscles developed from branchiomeric mesoderm?

What provides sensory innervation to the tongue?

A

No, they develop from somite mesoderm

Facial Nerve (CN7) provides SVA to the anterior two thirds of the tongue

41
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the head?

A

Brainstem

42
Q

What are the targets parasympathetic fibers in the head?

A

Smooth Muscle and Glans

43
Q

What does the parasympathetic aspect of VII and IX innervate in the head?

A

Glands via Submandibular, pterygopalatine, otic ganglia

44
Q

What does the parasympathetic aspect of III innervate in the head?

A

Constrictor pupillae muscle via ciliary ganglion

45
Q

What two CN are responsible for spitting and crying (salivation/tearing)?

A

VII, IX

46
Q

What are the targets of sympathetic innervation to the head?

A

Sweat glands, Dilator pupillae m. , superior tarsal m. (elevates eyelid, nonvoluntarily)

47
Q

Describe Honer’s syndrome.

A

Sympathetic lesion to head which causes loss of sympathetic innervation to head, lose sweating, eye is drooping, pupil will not dilate

48
Q

How do pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers reach the head?

A

Ascend from T1/T2 to superior cervical ganglion

49
Q

How do postganglionic sympathetic fibers reach the head?

A

Travel perivascularly on carotid arterial system (in contrast to parasympathetics which travel along cranial nerves)

50
Q

Anytime there is a vascular lesion in the head there is risk of _____________.

A

Lesions to postganglionic sympathetic fibers

51
Q

Is your President Black?

Is Your Lambo Blue?

A

That would be affirmative

52
Q

Who is the biggest badass ever?

A

Ya I said it

53
Q

Foramina of the Cribiform Plate

A

CN1 Olefactory

54
Q

Optic Canal

A

CN 2

Opthalamic Artery

55
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure

A

CN3 - Occulomotor

CN4- Trochlear

CN V1 - Opthalmic Nerve

CN6- Abducens

Opthalmic Vein

56
Q
A

Anatomy Block 4 (10 decks)

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