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HAE W14 Quiz 2 > Triangles of the neck > Flashcards

Triangles of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

palpable structures in the neck

A

hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachea

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2
Q

is the thyroid gland palpable?

A

no

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3
Q

Platysma O, I, N, A

A

O: undersurface of skin of lower neck + lateral chest
I: lower border of the mandible and kin of the lower face and angle of the mouth
N: CN VII - facial nerve
A: muscle of facial expression

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4
Q

Superficial muscles of the neck (3)

A

SCM, Trapezius, Platysma

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5
Q

SCM O, I, N, A

A

O: two heads on manubrium
I: lateral aspect of the mastoid process of the temporal bone
N: CN XI - accessory nerve
A: Turn head to OPPOSITE side

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6
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

CN XI - accessory nerve

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7
Q

3 deep fascias of the cervical region

A
  1. investing - most superficial, splits to encompass trapezius and SCM
  2. visceral - surrounds larynx, trachea, esophagus and thyroid gland
  3. prevertebral - forms collar around vertebral column and deep muscles assoc.
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8
Q

carotid sheath surrounds what 4 things?

A

fascial sheath around

  1. carotid artery
  2. internal jugular vein
  3. vagus nerve
  4. deep cervical lymph nodes
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9
Q

What action do the infrahyoid and supra hyoid muscles do together?

A

produce movements of larynx nec. for swallowing and speaking

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10
Q

Infrahyoid muscles (4)

A
  1. omohyoid
  2. sternohyoid
  3. sternothyroid
  4. thyrohyoid
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11
Q

suprahyoid muscles (4)

A
  1. anterior digastric
  2. posterior digastric
  3. stylohyoid
  4. mylohyoid
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12
Q

action of infrahyoid muscles

A

depress hyoid bone

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13
Q

action of suprahyoid muscles

A

elevate hyoid bone

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14
Q

Borders of anterior triangle

A

anterior border of SCM, inferior border of mandible, midline

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15
Q

4 triangles that are subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A
  1. submental
  2. submandibular
  3. carotid triangle
  4. muscular triangle
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16
Q

Submental triangle borders

A

anterior bellies of two digastric muscles, hyoid bone

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17
Q

submental triangle contents and floor

A

Contents: submental lymph nodes
Floor: mylohyoid muscles

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18
Q

submandibular triangle borders and floor

A

Borders: anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscles, mandible
Floor: mylohyoid

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19
Q

Submandibular triangle contents (5)

A
  1. submandibular salivary gland and duct
  2. portions of facial vessels
  3. CN XII - hypoglossal nerve
  4. CN V - nerve to mylohyoid muscle
  5. lymph nodes
20
Q

carotid triangle borders

A

superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, posterior belly of digastric, anterior border of SCM

21
Q

Carotid triangle contents (5 in carotid sheath, 2 outside)

A 
Encased by carotid sheath
1. common carotid artery + bifurcation
2. internal jugular vein
3. CN X - vagus nerve
4. carotid body and carotid sinus
5. deep cervical lymph nodes
Outside of carotid sheath
1. portion of CN XII - hypoglossal nerve
2. portion of cervical plexus and ansa cervicalis
22
Q

Right common carotid is the terminal branch of …

A

brachiocephalic trunk

23
Q

Left common carotid originates from…

A

arch of the aorta

24
Q

Branchpoint of common carotid arteries

A

at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage –> external and internal carotid arteries

25
Q

what areas does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

no branches in neck, supplies brain, orbit, forehead

26
Q

what areas does the external carotid artery supply?

A

upper neck, face and scalp w/ assoc. structures

27
Q

branches of external carotid artery and what they supply: inferior –> superior (8)

A
  1. superior thyroid –> thyroid gland and larynx
  2. ascending pharyngeal –> pharynx
  3. lingual –> tongue
  4. facial –> submandibular gland, palatine tonsil, lower face
  5. occipital –> posterior scalp
  6. posterior auricular –> posterior to ear, supplies scalp
  7. maxillary –> infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossa, nasal cavity and palate
  8. superficial temporal –> anterior to ear, supplies scalp
28
Q

Where is the carotid sinus located and what does it sense?

A

Location: dilation of proximal ICA
Function: baroreceptor sensitive to BP

29
Q

Where is the carotid body located and what does it sense?

A

Location: crotch b/t ICA and ECA
Function: senses PO2 and PCO2

30
Q

Where do the afferents from carotid sinus and body travel?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

31
Q

Major veins of neck (2)

A
  1. IJV

2. EJV

32
Q

course of EJV

A

descends superficial to SCM, empties into subclavian vein

33
Q

course of IJV

A

descends from skull w/in carotid sheath, converges w/ subclavian to form brachiocephalic vein

34
Q

phrenic nerve course through neck

A

descends along anterior surface on anterior scalene muscle deep to prevertebral fascia and SCM

35
Q

muscular triangle borders

A

hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid muscle, anterior border of SCM, midline

36
Q

Contents of muscular triangle

A

4 infrahyoid/strap muscles

  1. omohyoid
  2. sternohyoid
  3. sternothyroid
  4. thyrohyoid
37
Q

innervations of strap muscles

A
  • omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid = ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus
  • thyrohyoid = nerve fibers from C1
38
Q

posterior triangle borders, roof, floor

A

Borders: posterior border of SCM anteriorly, anterior border of trapezius posteriorly, mid-clavicle inferiorly
Roof: cervical investing fascia
Floor: prevertebral fascia

39
Q

what artery can be palpated in most inferior aspect of posterior triangle?

A

third portion of subclavian

40
Q

muscles deep to floor of posterior triangle (superior –> inferior)

A

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, posterior, middle, anterior scalenes, transverse to inferior belly of omohyoid

41
Q

Contents of posterior triangle - vessels

A
  1. third portion of subclavian artery + its branches
  2. subclavian vein and EJV
  3. transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
42
Q

Contents of posterior triangle - nerves (3)

A
  1. accessory nerve
  2. some branches of cervical plexus
  3. roots/trunks of the brachial plexus
43
Q

cervical plexus formed by …

A

ventral rami C1-C4

44
Q

what area/muscles does the cervical plexus supply?

A
  • neck muscles and diaphragm (via phrenic)

- area of skin on head, neck, chest

45
Q

what muscles are innervated by ansa cervicalis

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

46
Q

superficial nerves of cervical plexus (4)

A 
Emerging from one location on posterior aspect of SCM:
1. transverse cervical
2. supraclavicular
3. great auricular
From different spot:
4. lesser occipital
47
Q

lymph drainage from neck

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes w/ EJV –> deep cervical lymph nodes w/ IJV

HAE W14 Quiz 2 (5 decks)

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