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HAE W14 Quiz 2 > Atlas & Axis; Root of Neck; Cervical Viscera > Flashcards

Atlas & Axis; Root of Neck; Cervical Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Features of typical cervical vertebrae

A
  • body
  • bifid spinous process
  • transverse foramina in the transverse processes
  • triangular vertebral foramen
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2
Q

Features of atypical C1 vertebra “atlas”

A
  • anterior and posterior arches (no body or spinous process)
  • facet on posterior aspect of anterior arch for articulation w/ dens of C2
  • Transverse foramina
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3
Q

Features of atypical C2 vertebra “axis”

A
  • has a body and spinous process
  • dens/odontoid process
  • held in place by transverse ligament of the atlas
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4
Q

is there an intervertebral disc b/t C1 and C2?

A

no

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5
Q

which part of the atlas does the dens articulate w/?

A

posterior aspect of anterior arch of atlas

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6
Q

vertebral artery course in neck

A

travels through transverse foramen of axis and atlas–>S-shaped turn along superior surface of posterior arch of C1 –> pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane –> foramen magnum –> skull

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7
Q

tectorial membrane

A

superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament - along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies anterior to spinal cord

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8
Q

transverse ligament of the atlas

A

component of cruciate ligament (anterior to tectorial membrane); holds the dens in position against anterior arch of atlas

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9
Q

alar ligament - function

A

limits rotation of atlas on the axis

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10
Q

connection points of alar ligament

A

posterolateral dens –> medial side of occipital condyle on each side

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11
Q

posterior articular facet of the dens

A

posterior part of dens where it rubs against the transverse ligament of atlas during rotation

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12
Q

Problems that can occur w/ dens

A
  1. transverse ligament ruptured –> posterior dislocation of dens –> compress or transect spinal cord
  2. dens fractured –> inferior portion not held in place by transverse ligament, could mess up spinal cord
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13
Q

Boundaries of root of the neck

A

manubrium, first ribs, body of T1

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14
Q

What two structures do NOT pass through superior thoracic outlet?

A
  1. brachial plexus

2. right common carotid

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15
Q

arterial structures passing through superior thoracic outlet

A

L: common carotid, subclavian arteries
R: brachiocephalic trunk (subclavian and common carotid arise from there)

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16
Q

Branches of R subclavian artery

A

See pic slid 15

  • thyrocervical trunk –> inferior thyroid, transverse cervical a., suprascapular
  • vertebral a.
  • dorsal scapular
  • costocervical trunk
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17
Q

3 branches of 1st part of subclavian artery

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. internal thoracic artery
  3. thyrocervical trunk
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18
Q

3 branches of thyrocervical trunk

A
  1. inferior thyroid
  2. suprascapular
  3. transverse (superficial) cervical
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19
Q

where does the costocervical trunk originate?

A

2nd part of subclavian a.

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20
Q

where does the dorsal scapular a. originate?

A

3rd part of subclavian a.

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21
Q

phrenic nerve location in root of neck

A
  • anterior surface of anterior scalene

- posterior to transverse cervical + suprascapular arteries

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22
Q

vagus nerve location in root of neck

A

carotid sheath b/t IJV and common carotid –> anterior to subclavian arteries to enter thorax

23
Q

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve - course in root of the neck

A

loops around the subclavian (R) or aortic arch (L) –> travels superiorly in tracheo-esophageal groove –> next to thyroid –> larynx

24
Q

Vertebral artery - course in root of the neck

A

ascends through transverse foramina from C6–> C1 (NOT C7)

25
Brachiocephalic veins is formed by convergence of
Subclavian vein and IJV
26
BCVs empty into ___
SVC
27
position of brachiocephalic veins
- immediately posterior to manubrium | - anterior to arterial structures
28
thoracic duct empties into ___
venous angle (junction of left IJV and subclavian veins)
29
Cross section slide 20
memorize!
30
3 ganglions of cervical sympathetic trunk (inferior --> superior)
1. "stellate" ganglion (usually fused w/ inferior cervical ganglion) 2. middle cervical ganglion 3. superior cervical ganglion
31
Course of sympathetic trunks
runs along anterolateral aspect of vertebral column
32
ligaments anchoring hyoid (2)
1. thyrohyoid membrane | 2. stylohyoid ligaments
33
which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the development of the hyoid bone?
Second (superior portion of body and lesser horns) and third (inferior portion of body and greater horns)
34
cricothyroid ligament
b/t cricoid and thyroid cartilage
35
where do you perform a cricothyroidotomy?
midline of cricothyroid ligament
36
epilglottis
cartilage of the larynx
37
external laryngeal nerve - where does it come from and what does it innervate
- vagus --> superior laryngeal --> external laryngeal (inferior to internal laryngeal) - innervates: cricothyroid muscle
38
what nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?
internal laryngeal nerve (vagus--> superior laryngeal --> internal laryngeal)
39
which nerve are you worried about during cricothyroidotomy?
internal laryngeal
40
thyroid isthmus
joins two lobes of the thyroid anterior to the trachea
41
pyramidal lobe
present in ~50% of people, extends superiorly from isthmus
42
thyroid's embryonic descent
foramen cecum in posterior tongue
43
thyroglossal duct - importantce
can be site for ectopic thyroid tissue or thyroglossal duct cyst
44
thyroglossal duct cyst location
any point b/t base of tongue and thyroid gland. moves w/ swallowing.
45
Blood supply of thyroid
(1) superior thyroid artery - branch of external carotid a. | (2) inferior thyroid artery - branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian a.
46
thyroid ima
rare; arises from brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch superiorly towards trachea
47
venous drainage of the thyroid
via superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
48
lymphatic drainage of thyroid
--> paratracheal and deep cervical lymph nodes
49
Course of inferior thyroid artery
posterior to IJV, vagus nerve, common carotid, cervical sympathetic trunk @ level of middle cervical ganglion
50
during thyroid surgery, what nerve is in particular danger?
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
51
embryologic origins of parathyroid hormones
superior parathyroid: 4th pharyngeal pouch | inferior parathyroid: 3rd pharyngeal pouch
52
embryological origins of thymus
third pharyngeal arch
53
parathyroid gland - blood supply
inferior thyroid artery
54
how many parathyroid glands, and where are they located?
2 on each side | located on posterior surface of thyroid gland

HAE W14 Quiz 2 (5 decks)

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