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HAE W14 Quiz 2 > Atlas & Axis; Root of Neck; Cervical Viscera > Flashcards

Atlas & Axis; Root of Neck; Cervical Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Features of typical cervical vertebrae

A
  • body
  • bifid spinous process
  • transverse foramina in the transverse processes
  • triangular vertebral foramen
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2
Q

Features of atypical C1 vertebra “atlas”

A
  • anterior and posterior arches (no body or spinous process)
  • facet on posterior aspect of anterior arch for articulation w/ dens of C2
  • Transverse foramina
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3
Q

Features of atypical C2 vertebra “axis”

A
  • has a body and spinous process
  • dens/odontoid process
  • held in place by transverse ligament of the atlas
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4
Q

is there an intervertebral disc b/t C1 and C2?

A

no

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5
Q

which part of the atlas does the dens articulate w/?

A

posterior aspect of anterior arch of atlas

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6
Q

vertebral artery course in neck

A

travels through transverse foramen of axis and atlas–>S-shaped turn along superior surface of posterior arch of C1 –> pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane –> foramen magnum –> skull

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7
Q

tectorial membrane

A

superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament - along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies anterior to spinal cord

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8
Q

transverse ligament of the atlas

A

component of cruciate ligament (anterior to tectorial membrane); holds the dens in position against anterior arch of atlas

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9
Q

alar ligament - function

A

limits rotation of atlas on the axis

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10
Q

connection points of alar ligament

A

posterolateral dens –> medial side of occipital condyle on each side

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11
Q

posterior articular facet of the dens

A

posterior part of dens where it rubs against the transverse ligament of atlas during rotation

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12
Q

Problems that can occur w/ dens

A
  1. transverse ligament ruptured –> posterior dislocation of dens –> compress or transect spinal cord
  2. dens fractured –> inferior portion not held in place by transverse ligament, could mess up spinal cord
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13
Q

Boundaries of root of the neck

A

manubrium, first ribs, body of T1

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14
Q

What two structures do NOT pass through superior thoracic outlet?

A
  1. brachial plexus

2. right common carotid

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15
Q

arterial structures passing through superior thoracic outlet

A

L: common carotid, subclavian arteries
R: brachiocephalic trunk (subclavian and common carotid arise from there)

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16
Q

Branches of R subclavian artery

A

See pic slid 15

  • thyrocervical trunk –> inferior thyroid, transverse cervical a., suprascapular
  • vertebral a.
  • dorsal scapular
  • costocervical trunk
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17
Q

3 branches of 1st part of subclavian artery

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. internal thoracic artery
  3. thyrocervical trunk
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18
Q

3 branches of thyrocervical trunk

A
  1. inferior thyroid
  2. suprascapular
  3. transverse (superficial) cervical
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19
Q

where does the costocervical trunk originate?

A

2nd part of subclavian a.

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20
Q

where does the dorsal scapular a. originate?

A

3rd part of subclavian a.

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21
Q

phrenic nerve location in root of neck

A
  • anterior surface of anterior scalene

- posterior to transverse cervical + suprascapular arteries

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22
Q

vagus nerve location in root of neck

A

carotid sheath b/t IJV and common carotid –> anterior to subclavian arteries to enter thorax

23
Q

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve - course in root of the neck

A

loops around the subclavian (R) or aortic arch (L) –> travels superiorly in tracheo-esophageal groove –> next to thyroid –> larynx

24
Q

Vertebral artery - course in root of the neck

A

ascends through transverse foramina from C6–> C1 (NOT C7)

25
Q

Brachiocephalic veins is formed by convergence of

A

Subclavian vein and IJV

26
Q

BCVs empty into ___

A

SVC

27
Q

position of brachiocephalic veins

A
  • immediately posterior to manubrium

- anterior to arterial structures

28
Q

thoracic duct empties into ___

A

venous angle (junction of left IJV and subclavian veins)

29
Q

Cross section slide 20

A

memorize!

30
Q

3 ganglions of cervical sympathetic trunk (inferior –> superior)

A
  1. “stellate” ganglion (usually fused w/ inferior cervical ganglion)
  2. middle cervical ganglion
  3. superior cervical ganglion
31
Q

Course of sympathetic trunks

A

runs along anterolateral aspect of vertebral column

32
Q

ligaments anchoring hyoid (2)

A
  1. thyrohyoid membrane

2. stylohyoid ligaments

33
Q

which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the development of the hyoid bone?

A

Second (superior portion of body and lesser horns) and third (inferior portion of body and greater horns)

34
Q

cricothyroid ligament

A

b/t cricoid and thyroid cartilage

35
Q

where do you perform a cricothyroidotomy?

A

midline of cricothyroid ligament

36
Q

epilglottis

A

cartilage of the larynx

37
Q

external laryngeal nerve - where does it come from and what does it innervate

A
  • vagus –> superior laryngeal –> external laryngeal (inferior to internal laryngeal)
  • innervates: cricothyroid muscle
38
Q

what nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

internal laryngeal nerve (vagus–> superior laryngeal –> internal laryngeal)

39
Q

which nerve are you worried about during cricothyroidotomy?

A

internal laryngeal

40
Q

thyroid isthmus

A

joins two lobes of the thyroid anterior to the trachea

41
Q

pyramidal lobe

A

present in ~50% of people, extends superiorly from isthmus

42
Q

thyroid’s embryonic descent

A

foramen cecum in posterior tongue

43
Q

thyroglossal duct - importantce

A

can be site for ectopic thyroid tissue or thyroglossal duct cyst

44
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst location

A

any point b/t base of tongue and thyroid gland. moves w/ swallowing.

45
Q

Blood supply of thyroid

A

(1) superior thyroid artery - branch of external carotid a.

(2) inferior thyroid artery - branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian a.

46
Q

thyroid ima

A

rare; arises from brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch superiorly towards trachea

47
Q

venous drainage of the thyroid

A

via superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

48
Q

lymphatic drainage of thyroid

A

–> paratracheal and deep cervical lymph nodes

49
Q

Course of inferior thyroid artery

A

posterior to IJV, vagus nerve, common carotid, cervical sympathetic trunk @ level of middle cervical ganglion

50
Q

during thyroid surgery, what nerve is in particular danger?

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

51
Q

embryologic origins of parathyroid hormones

A

superior parathyroid: 4th pharyngeal pouch

inferior parathyroid: 3rd pharyngeal pouch

52
Q

embryological origins of thymus

A

third pharyngeal arch

53
Q

parathyroid gland - blood supply

A

inferior thyroid artery

54
Q

how many parathyroid glands, and where are they located?

A

2 on each side

located on posterior surface of thyroid gland

HAE W14 Quiz 2 (5 decks)

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