tres Flashcards
four causes of low sodium with normal volume
SIADH, psychogenic polydipsia, Post op, and hypothyroid
Low Na, Low volume. then what?
look at urine sodium. Low is <10, high is >20
low na, low volume, low urine sodium
EXTRARENAL losses aka diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis
low na, low volume, high urine sodium
loss is REANAL. aka excessive diuretics, low aldo, ATN
HIGH sodium and normal volume 2 things
DI or tahcpynea
renal causes of HIGH na and LOW volume
diuretics, osmotic diuresis (aka peeing sugar) or renal failure
HIGH Na, LOW volume, non renal causes
diarrhea, diaphoresis, respiratory losses
2 iatrogenic causes of high sodium and high volume
TPN and NaHCO3 therapy
5 causes of high sodium and high volume
iatrogenic, exogenous steroids, cushings, primary hyper aldo, salt water drowning
most common cause of male infetility
varicoclele
which carotid turns into ophthalmic and retinal artery
internal
riluzole is
glutamate blocker. used in ALS
BUN: Cr ratio for PRERENAl
more than 20:1
itnrarenal BUN: CR ratio
< 15:1
bile duct infection is caleld
cholangitis
triad of bile duct infection
fever, RUQ, jaundice
what is choledocholithiasis
stone in CBD
what is cholelithiasis
stone in gallbladder
what is cholecystitis
inflamed gallbadder
if + pox virus, what should you check
HIV
how to treat hiatal hernia
if type one (GE junction and stomach), just antacids. if type two (only stomach, rare) then do surgery
antidote for lead
edetate
caplan syndrome
RA and pneumococciosis
what is finasteroide
5 alpha reductase inhibitor, second line for BPH
name 3 alpha blockers for BPH
tamsulosin, terazosin, ddoxazosin
when should you not use alpha blockers
if pt has orthostatic hypotension
kerning sign indicates
menigitis
how does Mg change PT, calcium, and K
ALL LOW
2 diastolic murmurs
aortic regard and mitral stenosis
what is disulfiram
antabuse
RA and PCWP in carcinogenic shock?
INCREASE
cardiac index in carcinogenic and septic shock
down
SVR in carcinogenic and septic shock
UP in carcinogenic, down in septic
4 causes of acute painful vision loss
closed angle glaucoma (red, fixed, seeing halos), migraine, trauma, optic neuritis
what is the fundoycopic exam of retinal artery occlusion
pale fungus with cherry red spot and edema
what is the fundoycopic exam of retinal vein occlusion
distended and tortuous veins, retinal bleed, edematous, cotton wool spots
which makes you blind faster- retinal artery or vein occlusion
artery
what is amarousus fugax
transient
which hurts- HSV or CMV retinitis
HSV
