tres

Question 1

four causes of low sodium with normal volume

Answer 1

SIADH, psychogenic polydipsia, Post op, and hypothyroid

Question 2

Low Na, Low volume. then what?

Answer 2

look at urine sodium. Low is <10, high is >20

Question 3

low na, low volume, low urine sodium

Answer 3

EXTRARENAL losses aka diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis

Question 4

low na, low volume, high urine sodium

Answer 4

loss is REANAL. aka excessive diuretics, low aldo, ATN

Question 5

HIGH sodium and normal volume 2 things

Answer 5

DI or tahcpynea

Question 6

renal causes of HIGH na and LOW volume

Answer 6

diuretics, osmotic diuresis (aka peeing sugar) or renal failure

Question 7

HIGH Na, LOW volume, non renal causes

Answer 7

diarrhea, diaphoresis, respiratory losses

Question 8

2 iatrogenic causes of high sodium and high volume

Answer 8

TPN and NaHCO3 therapy

Question 9

5 causes of high sodium and high volume

Answer 9

iatrogenic, exogenous steroids, cushings, primary hyper aldo, salt water drowning

Question 10

most common cause of male infetility

Answer 10

varicoclele

Question 11

which carotid turns into ophthalmic and retinal artery

Answer 11

internal

Question 12

riluzole is

Answer 12

glutamate blocker. used in ALS

Question 13

BUN: Cr ratio for PRERENAl

Answer 13

more than 20:1

Question 14

itnrarenal BUN: CR ratio

Answer 14

< 15:1

Question 15

bile duct infection is caleld

Answer 15

cholangitis

Question 16

triad of bile duct infection

Answer 16

fever, RUQ, jaundice

Question 17

what is choledocholithiasis

Answer 17

stone in CBD

Question 18

what is cholelithiasis

Answer 18

stone in gallbladder

Question 19

what is cholecystitis

Answer 19

inflamed gallbadder

Question 20

if + pox virus, what should you check

Answer 20

HIV

Question 21

how to treat hiatal hernia

Answer 21

if type one (GE junction and stomach), just antacids. if type two (only stomach, rare) then do surgery

Question 22

antidote for lead

Answer 22

edetate

Question 23

caplan syndrome

Answer 23

RA and pneumococciosis

Question 24

what is finasteroide

Answer 24

5 alpha reductase inhibitor, second line for BPH

Question 25

name 3 alpha blockers for BPH

Answer 25

tamsulosin, terazosin, ddoxazosin

Question 26

when should you not use alpha blockers

Answer 26

if pt has orthostatic hypotension

Question 27

kerning sign indicates

Answer 27

menigitis

Question 28

how does Mg change PT, calcium, and K

Answer 28

ALL LOW

Question 29

2 diastolic murmurs

Answer 29

aortic regard and mitral stenosis

Question 30

what is disulfiram

Answer 30

antabuse

Question 31

RA and PCWP in carcinogenic shock?

Answer 31

INCREASE

Question 32

cardiac index in carcinogenic and septic shock

Answer 32

down

Question 33

SVR in carcinogenic and septic shock

Answer 33

UP in carcinogenic, down in septic

Question 34

4 causes of acute painful vision loss

Answer 34

closed angle glaucoma (red, fixed, seeing halos), migraine, trauma, optic neuritis

Question 35

what is the fundoycopic exam of retinal artery occlusion

Answer 35

pale fungus with cherry red spot and edema

Question 36

what is the fundoycopic exam of retinal vein occlusion

Answer 36

distended and tortuous veins, retinal bleed, edematous, cotton wool spots

Question 37

which makes you blind faster- retinal artery or vein occlusion

Answer 37

artery

Question 38

what is amarousus fugax

Answer 38

transient

Question 39

which hurts- HSV or CMV retinitis

Answer 39

HSV