Trends in oral health Flashcards
What is epidemiology? (1)
“the orderly study of diseases and other
conditions in human populations where
the group and not the individual is the
unit of interest”
Epidemiology may be viewed as based on two assumptions about human disease… (2)
- … does not occur at random,
- … has causal and preventive factors that can
be identified through systematic investigation of
different subgroups of individuals within a
population in different places or at different
times.”
Uses of epidemiology (3)
- Assess oral health & need for dental services
- Identify causes of disease
- Evaluate effectiveness of care
Importance of epidemiology for you: describes (2)
- levels of dental disease and
* needs of population served by you
Importance of epidemiology for you: distribution of disease (2)
- Determines way you should diagnose
* Determines type of work you will do during week
How do we measure disease? (2)
An index: a systematic method of measuring or
recording a disease or condition from established
criteria
Choice of index depends on (3)
– Type of investigation
– Nature of information required
– Ability to reproduce the findings
Dental conditions measured in surveys (6)
- Caries
- Periodontal disease
- Trauma
- Malocclusion
- Oral cancer
- Fluorosis
Dental caries and treatment experience (5)
DMF / dmf Covered in Y1 Decayed (D or d) - untreated disease Missing due to caries (M or m) Filled due to caries (F or f)
Scoring dmft/ DMFT (5)
Record of previous and current disease Score of 1 given to each D, M or F tooth Usually expressed as D + M + F = total DMFT Max possible score = 28 DMFT or 20 dmft For groups, calculate mean dmft/DMFT
Dental indices - caries (3)
Care index = F x 100
DMF
• Access and utilization of dental care
• Type of dental care provided
Problems with DMF (5)
• Assumes missing and filled teeth were once carious
but could be missing for other reasons (e.g.
periodontal disease or dental trauma)
• Restorations could have been placed for other
reasons (e.g. Preventive Resin Restorations, dental
fractures)
• Assigns equal weight to filled, missing and decayed
• DMF is irreversible (can’t be reduced)
• See lecture in Y2
Dental indices: periodontal disease (3)
Community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN)
• within NHS adapted & re-named Basic Periodontal Exam
• special blunted probe
Dental indices: dental trauma index (4)
0 Tooth present without any evidence of trauma
1 Unrestored enamel fracture that does not include dentine.
2 Unrestored fracture including enamel and dentine.
3 Unrestored fracture including enamel and dentine with pulp
exposure
4 Missing tooth due to dental trauma
Dental indices: malocclusion - IOTN components (2)
Aesthetic component:
• Grade 1 to Grade 10 = most to least aesthetic
arrangement of the dentition
Dental health component:
• 1 to 5 = no need to great need for treatment