Intro to dental public health Flashcards
Definition of dental oral health -physical -psychological -sociological (6)
Is multi-faceted
Includes the ability to speak, smile, smell, taste, touch, chew, swallow and convey a range of emotions through facial expressions with confidence and without pain, discomfort and disease of the craniofacial complex.
Is a fundamental component ofhealthand physical and mental wellbeing.
It exists along a continuum influenced by the values and attitudes of individuals and communities;
Reflects the physiological, social and psychological attributes that are essential to the quality of life;
Is influenced by the individual’s changing experiences, perceptions, expectations and ability to adapt to circumstances. (FDI World Dental Federation 2016)
What influences the health of a population? (2)
The environment
Healthcare
Sheffield bus example (4)
83 bus
Millhouses - life expectancy 86yrs female
Burngreave - life expectancy 77yrs female
Quality of life would be different in 2 places
TB as example of population health (3)
Considered major causes of mortality in 19th and 20th C
Health services played minor role
Environmental changes: better housing and sanitation responsible for eradication
Where is the greatest scope for improving oral health? Sheffield example (2)
3 times as much tooth decay in Sheffield depending on where you live
Poorer –> deeper pocket depths
Reasons for differences in Oral Health (4)
Environment trumps healthcare
England:
Dental services explained 29% of variation in 12 yr DMF
Social factors explained 46%
18 industrialised countries:
Dental services explained 3% of variation in 12 yr DMF
Broad socio-economic factors explained 65%
Simple dental public health definition (1)
The science and the art of preventing oral diseases, promoting oral health and improving the quality of life through the organised efforts of society
How is dental public health different to individual patient care? (2)
Serves the community rather than individual patients
Applies research to community settings
The scope of Dental Public Health: 3 parts
A conducive environment -oral health promotion Dental services -dental services now and in future -quality -working as team -screening for oral disease -specific patient groups Skills -measure oral health and needs -identify determinants of oral health -evaluate technology
What is oral health promotion? WHO definition 1984 (1)
Enabling people to take control over determinants of health and thereby improve their health
Oral health promotion is based on the knowledge that (2)
Environment determines individual risks
Individual risk factors often beyond control of individuals
-difficult to give up smoking if life stressful and all friends and relatives smoke
Health Promotion - 5 broad action for OH promotion - Ottowa Charter (5)
Create supportive environments: water fluoridation
Healthy public policy: restrict tobacco sales and use, sugar tax
Strengthening community action: work though children’s centres
Develop personal skills: parenting skills to improve supervision of toothbrushing
Reorienting health services: towards prevention
Epidemiology definition (1)
The study of distribution of disease in the population
Uses of dental epidemiology (4)
To discover factors that affect health to provide basis for prevention of disease and promotion of health
To determine relative importance of causes of illness/disability/death to establish priorities for research and action
To identify sections of the population that have the greatest risk from specific causes of ill health so that action may be directed appropriately
To evaluate the effectiveness of health programmes and services in improving the health of the population
Trends in oral disease are measured by (3)
Adult Dental Health Surveys
Child Dental Health Surveys (every 10 years)
BASCD/ NHS dental epidemiology surverys
