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172 LE 2 > Trematodes and Liver Flukes > Flashcards

Trematodes and Liver Flukes Flashcards

1
Q

Classes under Phylum Platyhelminthes

A
  • Class Turbellaria
  • Class Trematoda
  • Class Cestoda
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2
Q

Class ____ are parasitic, while Class ____ are free-living

A

Class Trematoda and Cestoda
Class Turbellaria

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3
Q

Three Body layers of Phylum Platyhelminthes

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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4
Q

Class trematoda is also known as _____

A

flukes

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5
Q

____ sucker: At anterior end
____ sucker: used for attachment

A

Oral sucker
Ventral Sucker

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6
Q

2 Subclasses of Class Trematoda

A
  • Monogenea (no intermediate hosts)
  • Diagenea
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7
Q

All flatworms are hermaphroditic except _____

A

Blood flukes (Schistosoma spp.)

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8
Q

Known as yolk gland as they form the yolk and eggshell components

A

Vitellaria

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9
Q

Larval Stages

A
  • Miracidium
  • Sporocyst
  • Redia
  • Cercaria
  • Metacercaria
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10
Q

Ciliated larval stage that is hatched from
the digenean egg

A

Miracidium

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11
Q

Develops within the molluscan host as a hollow fluid-filled germinal sac into which protrude germinal masses

A

Sporocyst

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12
Q

2nd larval stage that develop within the
intermediate host

A

Redia

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13
Q

Final Larval form

A

Cercaria

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14
Q

Infective stage of most medically important trematode to the vertebrate definitive host

A

Metacercaria

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15
Q

Trematode found in lungs

A

P. westermani

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16
Q

Liver trematodes

A
  • F. hepatica/gigantica
  • C. sinensis
  • O. viverrini
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17
Q

Intestine Trematodes

A
  • F. buski
  • E. ilocanum
  • A. malayanum
  • Heterophyds
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18
Q

Blood Trematodes

A
  • Schistosoma
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19
Q

Group of flatworms that can cause liver and bile duct disease in humans

A

Liver Flukes

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20
Q

2 Families of Liver Flukes

A
  • Fasciolidae
  • Opisthorchiidae
21
Q

F. hepatica appears brownish due to ingested ____ of the host

A

bile

22
Q

1st Intermediate hosts of Fasciola

A

● Lymnaea
○ L. bulmoides
○ L. tomentosa
● Fossaria
● Pseudosuccinea
● Galbatruncatula

23
Q

2nd intermediate hosts of Fasciola

A

● Ipomea obscura (morning glory or kangkong)
● Nasturtium officinale (watercress)

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Eggs of Fasciola become embryonated in salt water

A

FALSE, freshwater

25
Q

Which has faster development, F. gigantica or F. hepatica?

A

F. gigantica

26
Q

_____ is present in all liver fluke infections at all stages

A

Eosinophillia

27
Q

What can be used as a diagnostic factor when eggs are absent in stool?

A

Eosinophilia

28
Q

_____ phase occurs when a lot of metacercariae are ingested at once

A

Acute phase

29
Q

Most frequent symptoms of Acute phase

A

fever, abdominal pain, tender hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

30
Q

Other symptoms of Acute phase

A

vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria (hives), anemia, eosinophilia

31
Q

Chronic phase starts when worms reach the _____

A

Bile ducts

32
Q

Chronic Phase symptoms

A
  • Biliary colic
  • Tender hepatomegaly
  • jaundice
  • severe anemia
33
Q

Ectopic Fascioliasis is related to the ____

A

migration of larval groups

34
Q

Local name of buccopharyngeal infection in Middle East

A

Halzoun

35
Q

Serological tests are done for what types of infections?

A
  • Less than 4 months infection
  • Ectopic infections
36
Q

Most popular serological test for fascioliasis

A

FAST-ELISA

37
Q

F. hepatica exists more in _____ areas

A

Temperate

38
Q

F. gigantica is found mainly in _____ regions

A

tropical and subtropical

39
Q

Intermediate forms have:

A
  • Spermic diploid
  • Aspermic diploid
40
Q

Differentiation from H. hepatica and F. gigantica with intermediate forms maybe accomplished through _____

A

morphometric analysis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecular tests

41
Q

In fascioliasis in animals, ___ animals were the ones greatly affected with the disease

A

Ruminant animals

42
Q

Drug of choice for Fascioliasis

A
  • Triclabendazole
  • Bithionol
43
Q

Fascioliasis control in the Philippines

A
  • Food and waterbone disease (FWBD) prevention and control program
  • National Fascioliasis Control Program
44
Q

FBWD Prevention and Control Program: DOH
National Fascioliasis Control Program: ___

A

DA

45
Q

Common name of C. sinensis

A

Chinese liver fluke/Oriental liver fluke

46
Q

Diagnostic stage of C. sinensis

A

Embryonated eggs discharged in biliary ducts and stool

47
Q

Small reservoir of C. sinensis where common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet

A

Ampulla of Vater

48
Q

Liver flukes are classified as a Group ___ carcinogenic agent to humans

A

Group 1

49
Q

Treatment for C. sinensis

A

Praziquantel

172 LE 2 (8 decks)

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