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172 LE 2 > Blood Flukes > Flashcards

Blood Flukes Flashcards

1
Q

Second most important parasitic disease in humans next to Malaria

A

Schistosoma

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2
Q

Who identified the causative agent of “tropical hematuria”?

A

Theodor Bilharz

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3
Q

Who reported the first case of schistosomiasis in the Philippines?

A

Dr. Paul Wooley

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4
Q

Who first described S. mansoni?

A

Louis Westenra Sambon

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5
Q

How many Schistosoma species are known to infect humans?

A

6

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6
Q

Considered to be a risk factor for HIV infection, especially in women

A

Urogenital Schistosomiasis

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7
Q

Schistosoma species which causes urogenital schistosomiasis

A

S. haematobium

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8
Q

Male has ____ in which it carries the female during the life cycle

A

gynecophoral canal

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9
Q

________ is located immediately posterior to the level of bifurcation of the gut

A

ventral sucker (acetabulum)

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10
Q

Which schistosoma species has large papillae with spines?

A

S. mansoni

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11
Q

Which schistosoma species has small tubercles?

A

S. haematobium

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12
Q

Which schistosoma species has smooth teguments?

A

S. japonicum

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13
Q

Intermediate host of S. haematobium?

A

Bulinus species

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14
Q

Intermediate host of S. mansoni?

A

snails of genius Biomphalaria

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15
Q

Intermediate host of S. japonicum?

A

Oncomelania hupensis

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16
Q

Habitat of O. quadrasi

A

Flood plains, forests, and swamps

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17
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma

A

Free-swimming cercaria

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18
Q

Diagnostic stage for Schistosoma

A

Eggs in feces or urine

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19
Q

Inside the snails, ___ develops into _____

A

miracidia into sporocysts

20
Q

Upon entry to the skin, cercaria loses its ____ and turns into ______

A

tails
schistosomula

21
Q

Lung schistosomules enters the bloodstream through the _____

A

right side of the heart into pulmonary artery

22
Q

After passing the lungs, schistosomula rests in the ____

A

mesenteric veins

23
Q

Where will adult schistosomes reside for up to 15 days after pos-penetration?

A

Lungs

24
Q

S. japonicum: mesenteric vein of small intestine
S. mansoni: _____ of large intestine
S. haematobium: veins of _____

A

Portal Vein
Urinary bladder plexus

25
Q

Which Schistosoma species produce the most eggs?

A

S. japonicum

26
Q

____ causes damage to the hosts

A. eggs
B. worm

A

A. eggs

27
Q

Symptom when cercariae penetrates skin

A

Swimmer’s itch or cercarial dermatitis

28
Q

Acute phase symptoms

A

Katayama Fever

29
Q

Acute phase begins with ____

A

egg production

30
Q

Immune evasion of Schistosoma

A

○ Skew the host’s immune responses
○ Remodel schistosomule tegument
○ Inhibit complement system

31
Q

A state of effective anti-larval immunity coupled with persistent adult infection

A

Concomitant Immunuty

32
Q

Microscopic examination of stool for eggs

A

Kato-katz

33
Q

Serological examination

A

COPT, ELISA, RDT

34
Q

Used to determine the efficacy of treatment on liver fibrosis

A

Ultrasonography

35
Q

Molecular methods

A

PCR, LAMP

36
Q

based on the patient serum precipitation with lyophilized eggs or purified live eggs identified under the microscope

A

COPT

37
Q

COPT is used in Schistosoma diagnosis EXCEPT in what species?

A

S. haematobium

38
Q

Cercaria–Hullen Reaction (CHR) uses ___ instead of eggs

A

cercaria

39
Q

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

40
Q

In what year was the last human case for S. japonicum infection in Japan reported?

A

1977

41
Q

The National Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination Program is implemented by ___

A

DOH

42
Q

Goal of NSCEP is to reduce disease prevalence by _____

A

50%

43
Q

Morbidity control: mass treatment
Infection control: ____

A

Active surveillance

44
Q

Molluscicide used

A

Niclosamide

45
Q

Most important reservoir hosts for S. japonicum in China

A

Bovines

172 LE 2 (8 decks)

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