Blood Flukes

Question 1

Second most important parasitic disease in humans next to Malaria

Answer 1

Schistosoma

Question 2

Who identified the causative agent of “tropical hematuria”?

Answer 2

Theodor Bilharz

Question 3

Who reported the first case of schistosomiasis in the Philippines?

Answer 3

Dr. Paul Wooley

Question 4

Who first described S. mansoni?

Answer 4

Louis Westenra Sambon

Question 5

How many Schistosoma species are known to infect humans?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

Considered to be a risk factor for HIV infection, especially in women

Answer 6

Urogenital Schistosomiasis

Question 7

Schistosoma species which causes urogenital schistosomiasis

Answer 7

S. haematobium

Question 8

Male has ____ in which it carries the female during the life cycle

Answer 8

gynecophoral canal

Question 9

________ is located immediately posterior to the level of bifurcation of the gut

Answer 9

ventral sucker (acetabulum)

Question 10

Which schistosoma species has large papillae with spines?

Answer 10

S. mansoni

Question 11

Which schistosoma species has small tubercles?

Answer 11

S. haematobium

Question 12

Which schistosoma species has smooth teguments?

Answer 12

S. japonicum

Question 13

Intermediate host of S. haematobium?

Answer 13

Bulinus species

Question 14

Intermediate host of S. mansoni?

Answer 14

snails of genius Biomphalaria

Question 15

Intermediate host of S. japonicum?

Answer 15

Oncomelania hupensis

Question 16

Habitat of O. quadrasi

Answer 16

Flood plains, forests, and swamps

Question 17

Infective stage of Schistosoma

Answer 17

Free-swimming cercaria

Question 18

Diagnostic stage for Schistosoma

Answer 18

Eggs in feces or urine

Question 19

Inside the snails, ___ develops into _____

Answer 19

miracidia into sporocysts

Question 20

Upon entry to the skin, cercaria loses its ____ and turns into ______

Answer 20

tails
schistosomula

Question 21

Lung schistosomules enters the bloodstream through the _____

Answer 21

right side of the heart into pulmonary artery

Question 22

After passing the lungs, schistosomula rests in the ____

Answer 22

mesenteric veins

Question 23

Where will adult schistosomes reside for up to 15 days after pos-penetration?

Answer 23

Lungs

Question 24

S. japonicum: mesenteric vein of small intestine
S. mansoni: _____ of large intestine
S. haematobium: veins of _____

Answer 24

Portal Vein
Urinary bladder plexus

Question 25

Which Schistosoma species produce the most eggs?

Answer 25

S. japonicum

Question 26

____ causes damage to the hosts A. eggs B. worm

Answer 26

A. eggs

Question 27

Symptom when cercariae penetrates skin

Answer 27

Swimmer's itch or cercarial dermatitis

Question 28

Acute phase symptoms

Answer 28

Katayama Fever

Question 29

Acute phase begins with ____

Answer 29

egg production

Question 30

Immune evasion of Schistosoma

Answer 30

○ Skew the host’s immune responses ○ Remodel schistosomule tegument ○ Inhibit complement system

Question 31

A state of effective anti-larval immunity coupled with persistent adult infection

Answer 31

Concomitant Immunuty

Question 32

Microscopic examination of stool for eggs

Answer 32

Kato-katz

Question 33

Serological examination

Answer 33

COPT, ELISA, RDT

Question 34

Used to determine the efficacy of treatment on liver fibrosis

Answer 34

Ultrasonography

Question 35

Molecular methods

Answer 35

PCR, LAMP

Question 36

based on the patient serum precipitation with lyophilized eggs or purified live eggs identified under the microscope

Answer 36

COPT

Question 37

COPT is used in Schistosoma diagnosis EXCEPT in what species?

Answer 37

S. haematobium

Question 38

Cercaria–Hullen Reaction (CHR) uses ___ instead of eggs

Answer 38

cercaria

Question 39

Treatment

Answer 39

Praziquantel

Question 40

In what year was the last human case for S. japonicum infection in Japan reported?

Answer 40

1977

Question 41

The National Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination Program is implemented by ___

Answer 41

DOH

Question 42

Goal of NSCEP is to reduce disease prevalence by _____

Answer 42

50%

Question 43

Morbidity control: mass treatment Infection control: ____

Answer 43

Active surveillance

Question 44

Molluscicide used

Answer 44

Niclosamide

Question 45

Most important reservoir hosts for S. japonicum in China

Answer 45

Bovines