TREMATODES Flashcards
Largest Intestinal Fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
Dwarf Intestinal Fluke, Von Seibold fluke
Heterophyes heterophyes
Ova Appears as “Hen’s egg”
Fasciolopsis buski
Ova Contains fully developed miracidium
Heterophyes heterophyes Ova
Adult Thick, flesh in color
Fasciolopsis buski
Cuticle is covered with minute scale-like spines
Heterophyes heterophyes
S.I., L.I., and Stomach
Fasciolopsis buski
S.I.
Heterophyes heterophyes
1St IH Planorbid snails
Fasciolopsis buski
1St IH Blackish water snails
Heterophyes heterophyes
2nd IH Water plant: west chestnuts, water caltrop, water hyacinth, water bamboo
Fasciolopsis buski
2nd IH Fish: Mugil or Mullet, yellow perch
Heterophyes heterophyes
Laboratory diagnosis Fecalysis, vomitus examination
Fasciolopsis buski
Laboratory diagnosis Identification of eggs in stool
Heterophyes heterophyes
LUNG /PULMONARY FLUKE
- Paragonimus westermani
HEPATIC/ LIVER FLUKES
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistrochis felineus
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Oriental Lung Fluke
Paragonimus westermanii
Japan, Korea, China, Nepal, Philippines
Paragonimus westermani
Ova: operculated (flattened operculum)
Paragonimus westermani
Ova: ovoidal (80-120um)
Paragonimus westermani
Ova: yellowish-brown to dark or golden brown
Paragonimus westermani
Ova: immature - when laid in germ cell
Paragonimus westermani
Adult: reddish brown
Paragonimus westermani
active stage: spoon-shaped
Paragonimus westermani
preserved stage: coffee bean-shaped
Paragonimus westermani
Male - irregular lobed testes are oblique
Paragonimus westermani
Female - ovary is lobed
Paragonimus westermani
Vitellaria - located at the extreme lateral fields
Paragonimus westermani
Habitat: lung pockets
Paragonimus westermani
Infective stage: metacercaria
Paragonimus westermani
Diagnostic stage: eggs
Paragonimus westermani
1st IH: snail of genus Hua, Brotia asperata (Philippines)
Paragonimus westermani
2nd IH: freshwater crabs, Crayfish (genus Astracus, and Cambarus)
Paragonimus westermani
Disease/s: Paragoniamiasis/Pulmonary disturbances
Paragonimus westermani
Laboratory diagnosis: Eggs in sputum and feces, X-ray, Ab detection
Paragonimus westermani
Chinese Liver Fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Oriental Liver Fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Cat Liver Fluke
Opistorchis felineus
Lancet Fluke
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Lanceolate Fluke
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Distinct convex operculum
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Resembles “old fashion” electric bulb
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Ellipsoidal, brown to dark brown
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Thick shelled with distinct operculum
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Flat, transparent, elongated, rounded posteriorly, and attenuated anteriorly
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Slender, lancet shape, flat
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Bile passages/bile ducts of fish-eating mammals
Distal ducts, pancreatic ducts
Opistorchis felineus
Infective stage metacercaria
Opistorchis felineus
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
1st IH Operculated snails
Clonorchis sinensis
1st IH Snail - Bithynia leachi
Opistorchis felineus
1st IH Land snails
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
2nd IH Freshwater fish, freshwater vegetation
Clonorchis sinensis
2nd IH Fishes
Opistorchis felineus
2nd IH Ants
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Eggs in biliary drainage, Immunologic test, Liver scan
Clonorchis sinensis
Fecalysis, eggs in duodenal aspirate
Opistorchis felineus
Eggs in feces, bile, and duodenal fluid
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Sheep Liver Fluke
Fasciola hepatica
Giant Liver Fluke
Fasciola gigantica
Ova Same with F. buski
Fasciola hepatica
Ova operculated
Fasciola hepatica
Ova Same with F. hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Large broad and flat body
Fasciola hepatica
Presence of cephalic cone: gives the shouldered appearance
Fasciola hepatica
Adult Same with F. hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Immature flukes - duodenum
Fasciola hepatica
1st IH Water snail
Fasciola hepatica
1st IH Snail
Fasciola gigantica
2nd IH Watercress
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
DFS, ConTech, Sedimentation, Ab detection
Fasciola hepatica
Laboratory diagnosis Same with F. hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Oriental blood fluke
S. Japonicum
Visceral blood fluke
S. Japonicum
Vesical blood fluke
S. haematobium
Bladder fluke
S. haematobium
Manson’s blood fluke
S. mansoni
Superior mesenteric veins
S. Japonicum
Veins of the urinary bladder
S. haematobium
Inferior mesenteric veins
S. mansoni
Oval to sub-spherical with minute lateral spine/knob or curve hook
S. Japonicum
Ellipsoidal with prominent terminal spines
S. haematobium
Ellipsoidal with prominent lateral spines
S. mansoni
Appear in the feces 30-40 days after infection
S. mansoni
Male - shorter but sturdier
S. Japonicum
Male- 7 ovoidal testes arranged in a single row behind the acetabulum
S. Japonicum
Male - union id ceca and testes is posterior to the middle half of the body
S. Japonicum
Female - longer and slender
S. Japonicum
Female- with a pyramid ovary located at the center of the body (50-100 eggs)
S. Japonicum
Female- ovary at the posterior to middle of the body
S. haematobium
Female- 20-30 ovaries
S. mansoni
Male- 8-9 testes
S. mansoni
Male- union of ceca is at the middle half of the body
S. mansoni
Female- smallest schistosome
S. mansoni
Female- ovary is at the anterior to the middle half of the body
(1-4 ova)
S. mansoni
Oncomelania nupensis quadrasi (Philippines)
S. Japonicum
Oncomelania nocophora (Japan)
S. Japonicum
Oncomelania formosana (Taiwan)
S. Japonicum
Biomphalaria (Africa)
S. haematobium
S. mansoni
Bulimus (middle East)
S. haematobium
Tropocorbis (South America)
S. mansoni
Australorbis (South America)
S. mansoni
Katayama disease
S. Japonicum
Visceral or Oriental Schistosomiasis
S. Japonicum
Vesical/Urinary Schistosomiasis
S. haematobium
Schistosoma hematuria
S. haematobium
Intestinal Bilharziasis
S. mansoni
Schistosomal dysentery
S. mansoni
China, Indonesia, the Philippines
S. Japonicum
Africa, the Middle East, Corsica (France)
S. haematobium
Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela, and Suriname
S. mansoni
Infective stage Free-swimming cercariae
S. Japonicum
S. haematobium
S. mansoni
Diagnostic stage Embryonated egg
S. Japonicum
S. haematobium
S. mansoni
Eggs in stool or urine
Stool:
S. mansoni or S. japonicum
Urine:
S. haematobium
: eggs may be passed intermittently or in small amounts
Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Technique
: 20-50 mg fecal material; quantification of eggs
Kato-Katz technique
may enhance the recovery of eggs for S. japonicum
Homogenization of the whole fecal sample
: useful to indicate schistosome infection in patients who have traveled in schistosomiasis endemic areas and in whom eggs cannot be demonstrated in fecal or urine specimens.
Antibody detection