TREMATODES Flashcards
These are flatworms commonly known as
FLUKES
With oral and ventral sucker (acetabulum)
TREMATODES
Body is covered by an ? which often bears spines, tubercles
Integument
4 types trematodes habitat
BLOOD, LUNG, LIVER, INTESTINAL FLUKES
BLOOD FLUKE INFECTIVE STAGE
FORK TAILED CERCARIA
BLOOD FLUKE MODE OF TRANSMISSION
SKIN PENETRATION
BLOOD FLUKE # OF HOST REQUIRED
2 HOST
1 Intermediate Host
Snails / Mollusks
Oriental Blood Fluke
Schistosoma japonicum
Vesical Blood Fluke
Schistosoma haematobium
Manson’s Blood fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
INFECTIVE STAGE OF PULMONARY OR LUNG FLUKE, LIVER OR HEPATIC FLUKE, INTESTINAL FLUKE
METACERCARIA
MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF PULMONARY OR LUNG FLUKE, LIVER OR HEPATIC FLUKE, INTESTINAL FLUKE
INGESTION
OF HOST REQUIRED IN PULMONARY OR LUNG FLUKE, LIVER OR HEPATIC FLUKE, INTESTINAL FLUKE
TOTAL INTERMEDIATE HOST OF LIVER, LUNG AND INTESTINAL FLUKES
Total # of Hosts = 3
1 Definitive Host
Man
2 Intermediate Hosts (varies species)
1 IH = SNAILS
2 IH = it could be fish, snails, crabs or fresh water , vegetation
Oriental Lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani
3 LIVER OR HEPATIC FLUKE
Fasciola hepatica , Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis felineus
4 INTESTINAL FLUKE
Fasciolopsis buski, Echinostoma ilocanum , Heterophyes Hetereophyes , Metagonimus yokogawai
Sheep Liver Fluke
Fasciola hepatica
Chinese Liver Fluke
Oriental Liver Fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Cat Liver Flukes
Opistorchis felineus
Busk Fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
Giant Intestinal Fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
Garrison’s Fluke
Echinostoma ilocanum
Von Siebold Fluke
Dwarf Fluke
Heterophyes
Hetereophyes
Yokogawa’s fluke
Metagonimus yokogawai
DEADLIEST” with 3rd sucker
Heterophyes
Hetereophyes
GENITAL SUCKER/ GONOTYL
3rd sucker
TEMPERATE LIVER FLUKE
Fasciola hepatica
SCHISTOSOMA INFECT FOUND IN
MESENTERIC VEINS NOT IN BLOOD
Non- hermaphroditic/ Dioecious:
HAVE SEPARATE SEXES
BLOOD FLUKES
Not leaf like body of adult worm
Blood Flukes
Male worms are shorter & ?
Robust
Females are longer & ?
slender( HEALTHY)
Both male & female are provided with ?
oral & ventral suckers
(ACETEBELUM)
Used by male worms to carry female during copulation
Gynecophoric canal
Blood Flukes Adult worms produce ____ eggs
non-operculated eggs
It is a larva equipped with mouth,
GIT & tail.
Cercaria
Tail is always
FORKED
Diagnostic Stage Of Blood Flukes
Egg & Ova
Entry of their cercaria to human skin can lead to infection called ?
SCHISTOSOMIASIS and BILHARZIASIS
Superior mesenteric veins
S. japonicum
Inferior mesenteric veins or veins draining rectum
S. mansoni
Vesical veins or veins draining the urinary bladder
S. haematobium
SPECIMEN for DIAGNOSIS : S. japonicum & S. mansoni
STOOL
SPECIMEN for DIAGNOSIS : S. haematobium
URINE
With smooth integument
S. japonicum
With coarse tuberculations integument
S. mansoni
With fine tuberculations integuments
S. haematobium
S. japonicum NO. of EGGS in UTERUS
50 - 100
S. mansoni NO. of EGGS in UTERUS
1-4
S. haematobium NO. of EGGS in UTERUS
20-30
LARGEST ADULT BLOOD FLUKE
SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM
SMALLEST ADULT BLOOD FLUKE
SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI
Oncomelania quadrasi
S. japonicum
Biomphalaria, Planorbis and Tropicorbis
S. mansoni
Bulinus, Physopsis
S. haematobium
Non -operculated with minute lateral spine.
S. japonicum
Non-operculated egg with distinct lateral spine.
S. mansoni
Non-operculated with distinct terminal spine.
S. haematobium
Blood Flukes Eggs are always?
NON OPERCULATED
Larval stages Blood Flukes
MIRACIDIUM - SPOROCYST -SNAIL- CERCARIA
Blood Flukes Adult worms are always:
NON-HERMAPRODITIC
Ciliated Larva released from the egg when hatched
MIRACIDIUM
cercaria that has lost its tail ff: entry to human skin
SCHISTOSOMULE
(LARVA THAT INFECT THE VEINS)
Larvae developed from miracidium
SPOROCYST
Larvae developed from miracidium
SPOROCYST
Infective stage that is always fork tailed
Cercaria
A form of dermatitis that may develop because of cercarial penetration
SWIMMER’S ITCH
Hypersensitivity reaction caused by migration of schistosomula to appropriate blood vessel
KATAYAMA FEVER
Species discovered in Mekong River
Eggs similar with those of S. japonicum but smaller
Schistosoma mekongi
Eggs same with S. haematobium but with equatorial/central bulge.
Eggs with terminal spine
Eggs in feces NOT in urine
Schistosoma intercalatum
Serologic test for diagnosis of ?
S. JAPONICUM
leaf-like, non-segmented body
LUNG, LIVER & INTESTINAL FLUKES
operculated eggs.
LUNG, LIVER & INTESTINAL FLUKES
Infective stage of LUNG, LIVER & INTESTINAL FLUKES
Metacercaria
Diagnostic stage of LUNG, LIVER & INTESTINAL FLUKES
Egg or Ova
Mode of transmission of LUNG, LIVER & INTESTINAL FLUKES
Ingestion
Appears as if it has shoulders because of the CEPHALIC CONE
With branched testes, ovaries & intestina ceca
Fasciola hepatica
Appears like F. hepatica but NO CEPHALIC CONE
Intestinal ceca is unbranched
Fasciola buski
Equipped with 3rd sucker -GENITAL SUCKER/ GONOTYL
With oral, ventral
Heterophyes
Hetereophyes
Closely resembles H. heterophyes but slightly larger and with no genital sucker
Metagonimus yokogawai
Equipped with an oral sucker with spines called “CIRCUM-ORAL DISK WITH SPINES
Echinostoma ilocanum
with granular vitellaria & dendritic testes
Clonorchis sinensis
with transverse vitellaria & lobed testes
Opistorchis felineus
Egg with FLAT operculum
Paragonimus westermani
Opposite the operculum is an abopercular shell thickening
Eggs may resemble those of D. latum
Paragonimus westermani
Eggs are broadly ovoidal. With wide operculum.
Clonorchis sinensis
Opposite the operculum is a median protuberance called abopercular knob.
Clonorchis sinensis
Egg closely resembles those of Clonorchis but it is elongately ovoidal with tapering ends.
Opistorchis felineus
Thick shelled light brown eggs contain developed miracidium.
Eggs are with distinct operculum and similar with those of Clonorchis but no abopercular knob.
Heterophyes
Heterophyes
Thin shelled light-yellow egg contains developed miracidium.
Metagonimus yokogawai
Eggs are large ovoidal, yellowish brown that contains undeveloped miracidium.
Fasciola hepatica
Large operculated eggs are indistinguishable from Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica ova.
Fasciolopsis buski
Straw colored, operculated ovoid eggs measures 83-116 x 58-69 um.
Same with Fasciola hepatica and Fasciolopsis buski.
Echinostoma ilocanum
Straw colored, operculated ovoid eggs measures 83-116 x 58-69 um.
Same with Fasciola hepatica and Fasciolopsis buski.
Echinostoma ilocanum
Larval stages of Liver, Lung, and Intestinal flukes
Miracidium - sporocyst - redia - cercaria - metacercaria
Ciliated larva release from egg when hatched
Miracidium
sac liked larva developed from miracidum
Sporocyst
Larva developed from sporocyst, absent in schistosoma
Redia
Larva developed from redia or sporocyst
Cercaria
Cercaria that has lost its tail ff; entry into a 2nd intermediated host
Metacercaria
Fresh Mountain Crabs
Paragonimus Westermani
Snail/Mollusk
Echinostoma ilocanum
Fresh water vegetation Edible Aquatic plants
Ex. kangkong
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica
Fishes
H. heterophyes
M. yokogawai
C. sinensis
O. felineus
Brotia asperata
Paragonimus westermani
Sundathelpusa spp., Parathelpusa spp.
Paragonimus westermani
Lymnea philippinensis
Fasciola hepatica
Watercress
(Nasturtium officinale)
Kangkong (Ipomea obscura)
EDIBLE WATER PLANTS
Fasciola hepatica
Segmentina spp., Hippeutis spp
Fasciolopsis buski
Water caltrop
(Trapa)
Water chestnut
(Eliocharis)
Bamboo shoots
(Zizania)
H2O VEGETATION
Fasciolopsis buski
Alocinma spp., Bulimus spp.and Parafossarulus spp
Clonorchis sinensis
Bithynia spp.
Opistorchis felineus
Cyprinoid Fishes
Clonorchis sinensis & Opistorchis felineus
Gyraulus convexiusculus and Hippeutis umbilicalis
Echinostoma ilocanum
Kuhol (Pila luzonica) and
Susong Pampang (Vivipara angularis)
Echinostoma ilocanum
Pirenella spp. & Cerithidea spp.
Heterophyes
heterophyes
Fishes
(Mugil- balanak, Tilapiatilapia and Arius manilensis - kanduli)
Heterophyes
heterophyes
Semisulcospira spp., Thiara spp., Hua spp.
Metagonimus yokogawai
Salmonoid Fishes (Plecoglossus and Salmo), Cyprinoid Fishes (Richardsonium)
Metagonimus yokogawai
YOUNGEST (CILIATED SWIM TO RIVER OR WATER TO LOOK FOR SNAIL (INTERMEDIATE)
MIRACIDIUM
INSIDE THE SNAIL
SPOROCYTS
MOST MATURE adult with tail( swim and escaped from the snail and swim in water and look for man.
CERCARIA
TAIL WILL REMOVE OF CERCARIA THROUGH skin penetration called ?
Shistosomule
Provide yolks for the eggs
Vitellaria
Reservoir host of S. mansoni
Monkey, Cattle Other livestock, Rodents, Dogs, Cats
GIANT LIVER FLUKES
F. GIGANTICA
HALZON CAME FROM
LEBANON
MARARRA CAME FROM
SUDAN
SIBERIAN LIVER FLUKES
O. FELINEUS
SEA LIVER FLUKES
O. VIVERRINE
LANCEOLATE/ LANCET FLUKES
DICROCOELIUM DENDRITICUM / LANCEOLATA
CIRCUMORAL DISK WITH CROWN OF SPINE
ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM
SPUTUM EXAMINATION
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI
LARGE AND PROMINENT TERMINAL SPINE
S. HAEMATOBIUM
EGGS ARE DEPOSIT IN THE INTESTINAL MUCUSA TRIGGERING GRANULOMA FORMATION
INTERSINAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS
