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HEMA LAB > HEMA LAB > Flashcards

HEMA LAB Flashcards

1
Q

first response of the body following blood vessel injury.

A

Primary hemostasis

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2
Q

the main players in their stage to prevent undue loss of blood

A

latelets and the vascular responses

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3
Q

There are three stages involved in primary hemostasis and these are:

A

platelet adhesion, platelet activation and platelet aggregation

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4
Q

The interval required for the blood to stop flowing from a skin incision.

A

Bleeding time

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5
Q

It measures the ability of blood vessels to control bleeding injury by formation of platelet plug or hemostatic plug.

A

Bleeding time

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6
Q

METHOD FOR BLEEDING TIME

A

DUKE’S METHOD
MODIFIED IVY’S METHOD
COPLEY- LALITCH METHOD

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7
Q

The Lobe of the ear is the site of choice for puncture.

A

DUKE’S METHOD

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8
Q

Reference Range of Dukes method

A

2-4 minutes (however, normal persons may occasionally give up values up to 5 minutes

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9
Q

It is a standardized and the average of bleeding time from three separate incisions in the forearm is noted.

A

Capillary pressure

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10
Q

This provides a very accurate technique if the incisions are identical.

A

MODIFIED IVY’S METHOD

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11
Q

Placed around the patient’s upper arm in modified method

A

sphygomomanometer cuff

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12
Q

sphygomomanometer cuff pressure is raised to

A

40mmHg

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13
Q

Modified ivys method depth wound

A

3mm along flexor (inner) aspect of the forearm

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14
Q

The blood pressure cuff is will be

A

decompressed

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15
Q

interval before repeating the ivy’s method

A

5 minutes

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16
Q

COPLEY- LALITCH METHOD depth

A

6mm

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17
Q

COPLEY- LALITCH METHOD Reference Ranges

A

3 minute

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18
Q

MODIFIED IVY’S METHOD Reference Range

A

1/2 - 7

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19
Q

Prolonged bleeding time is seen: (10)

A

When the blood platelets are greatly reduced 2. Thrombocytopenic purpura
3. Acute Leukemia
4. Aplastic anemia
5. In injury to capillary wall
6. Scurvy ( deficiency of Vit. C)
7. Toxins (infection, chemical, snake venom)
8. Allergy
9. In prothrombin deficiency
10. Destructive disease of the liver with
hemorrhagic tendencies

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20
Q

When blood coagulation is complete, the clot normally undergoes

A

Retraction

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21
Q

expressed from the clot and the clot becomes denser

A

serum

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22
Q

In normal clot retraction requires a normal number of

A

Platelets
Calcium
ATP,
Fibrinogen and Fibrin.

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23
Q

An abnormal clot retraction time is found in

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia and thrombocytopenia.

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24
Q

The formed clot will be small and there will be increased amounts of red blood cells expressed from the clot. (RBC fall out)

A

Dysfibrinogenemia/ Hypofibrinogenemia

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25
Q

Clot retraction may also be abnormal in? where the protein interferes with fibrin formation. In DIC, the formed clot will appear small and ragged, and increased RBC fall out.

A

Paraproteinemias

26
Q

Anemia states, the reverse occurs and the degree of clot retraction is

A

Increase

27
Q

METHODS OF CLOT RETRACTION (2)

A

Single Tube Method
Hirshboeck method/Castor Oil method

28
Q

mL venous blood in a clean dry centrifuge tube.

A

5mL

29
Q

Insert a coiled wire in the bottom of the tube
( ? mm thick, with a cm diameter coil)

A

1 mm

30
Q

Incubate at 37 oc for ? hour after clotting has occurred.

A

1 hour

31
Q

Gently lift the wire and allow the attached clot to drain for

A

2 minutes

32
Q

Reference range of single tube method

A

44 – 67%

33
Q

Color of serum that appears within the first hour. In 18- 24 hours, the volume varies from 40% to 57% of the total amount of blood.

A

Clear Pale Yellow

34
Q

When the clot is defective ad incapable of proper retraction, the volume of serum is less than ?

A

40%

35
Q

Serum may appear ? after meals or in diabetes and leukemia.

A

milky

36
Q

It may be deep ? in hemolytic jaundice leukemia and in obstructive jaundice or in carotenemia.

A

Yellow

37
Q

Puncture sterilized finger, wipe off first drop, suck 20 ml of blood in a

A

Salhi’s Pipette

38
Q

Start the timing and observe for a visible dimpling or a ? on the surface of the drop of blood. Note the time. This indicates the end front of the test.

A

nipple-like protrusion

39
Q

Clot retraction is reported ? if dimpling happens after 1 hour. Record the time.

A

delayed

40
Q

Clinical Significance of Hirshboeck method

A

Platelet disorders (Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia) , Thrombocytopenia.

41
Q

Also called the tourniquet test,

A

Capillary Fragility test

42
Q

Is a clinical diagnostic method used to assess the fragility of the capillary walls.

A

Capillary Fragility

43
Q

measures platelet’s ability to maintain capillary integrity.

A

capillary fragility

44
Q

The capillary or resistance test can be done using the following methods:

A

Rumpel-Leede/Hess test positive pressure technique/Tourniquet test

Suction Cup/ Petechiometer Method/
Negative Pressure Technique

45
Q

Appearance of few petechiae after the test indicates a positive test which indicates weakness of the capillary walls or capillary permeability and fragility.

A

Rumpel-Leede/Hess test positive pressure technique/Tourniquet test

46
Q

Mark a definite area ( ? cm in a diameter) on the forearm.

A

5cm

47
Q

The upper edge which is ?cm below the bend of the elbow.

A

4cm

48
Q

Place a blood pressure cuff on the arm and raise the pressure to ? mmHg of mercury and leave it for 8 minutes.

A

80mmHg

49
Q

Pin point hemorrhagic spots.

A

Petechiae

50
Q

Hemorrhage of blood into small area of the skin.

A

Purpura

51
Q

Blood escapes into a larger into the skin

A

Ecchymosis

52
Q

Nose bleeding

A

Epistaxis

53
Q

Leakage of blood into join cavities

A

Hemarthrosis

54
Q

suka ng dugo

A

Hematemesis

55
Q

Swelling or tumor in the tissue, body cavities contain clotted blood

A

Hematoma

56
Q

Blood in urine

A

Hematuria

57
Q

Hemoglobin presence in urine

A

Hemoglobinuria

58
Q

Reference Range of Tourniquet Test

A

1-10 Petechiae

59
Q

The cup is applied to the outer surface of the arm for a period of one minute at 200 mmHg and the resistance of the capillaries is expressed as the negative pressure required to produce a macroscopic petechiae.

A

Suction Cup Technique

60
Q

Noramal Value of Suction Cup Technique

A

less than 4 Petechiae

61
Q

Clinical Significance of Suction Cup Technique

A

Increased in Purpura, Dengue Fever ad Scurvy

HEMA LAB (3 decks)

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