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IMH &TM (MTAP 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Donor Process

A
  1. Re-identify your patient (ex. full name, address, etc.)
  2. Check the site for bleeding / site to puncture
  3. After selecting a site to puncture, apply antiseptic agent.
  4. Apply Tourniquet
  5. Insert Needle
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2
Q

Common Antiseptic Solution

A

PVP IODINE SOLUTION

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3
Q

When applying PVP make sure cover the site at least?

A

4 cm of the site

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4
Q

After applying PVP to desire site, scrub it in all direction for how many seconds?

A

30 seconds

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5
Q

In PVP, After 30 seconds of scrubbing, cover the area with?

A

Gauze Pad

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6
Q

After covering and drying the area, perform ________?

A

Phlebotomy

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7
Q

What alternative antiseptic sol. if the donor allergy in IODINE?

A

CHLORHEXADINE GLUCONATE SOLUTION

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8
Q

What alternative sol. if the donor has allergy to both Iodine and Chlorhexidine solution

A

70% ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

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9
Q

Apply Isopropyl Alcohol on the desire area and scrub it for how many secs. and what motion?

A

30 seconds in Upward and Downward motion

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10
Q

How many secs. of scrubbing when Alcohol is used as an antiseptic?

A

60 secs. (30 each)

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11
Q

Inch above the anticubital fossa when applying tourniquet

A

3 - 4 inch

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12
Q

What first things to do when inserting the needle?

A

Before inserting the needle Inspect the blood bag.

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13
Q

Gauge of needle to be use

A

16 gauge needle

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14
Q

Insertion of needle

A

Skin to Vein

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15
Q

Cause when puncture directly to the vein

A

Blood Spill off (pagsirit ng dugo)

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16
Q

Put micropore on a half part of the needle to stabilized and avoid ?

A

Moving the needle

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17
Q

Purpose of stress ball?

A

To promote good blood flow and avoid numbness of arm.

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18
Q

If doesn’t have a stress ball what thing to do?

A

Instruct the donor to make them fist every 10 secs.

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19
Q

Time process of blood collection

A

8 – 12 minutes for 450 – 500mL.

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20
Q

Average time process for blood collection

A

10 minutes

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21
Q

What cause if the patient bag is not full in 12 mins?

A

It might be CLOTTED

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22
Q

What should phlebotomist do if blood is clotted during collection?

A
  1. Discontinue the collection by removing the needle to remove the blood clot.
  2. After removing, ask the patient to continue the blood collection in another side of arm.

(If hindi na kaya ng patient)

  • Label the bag “Unsuccessful” if the doesn’t achieve the minimum mL of blood.
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23
Q

Patient / Donor with clotted blood unit during blood collection.

2 Components are not valid for blood transfusion / Patient use:

A
  1. Patient Component
  2. Plasma Component
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24
Q

Reason why 2 components are not valid for blood transfusion / patient use?

A

Pagnagkaroon ng clotting during collection, ibigsabihin ang coagulation factor at platelets ay magiging inadequate o sufficient dahil already activated na sa donor.

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25
Q

1 Components are valid for blood transfusion / Patient use?

A

RBC Component

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26
Q

Important reminder when phlebotomy perform by phlebotomist

A

Avoid fishing

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27
Q

Cause of Fishing

A

o It can cause activate hemostasis (In vitro), thus it can activate hemostatic mechanism.
o Lead delay blood collection

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28
Q

After collecting whole blood, the donor
component will process using?

A

Refrigerated
Centrifuged.

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29
Q

2 Types of Centrifuged of Donor Blood Unit

A
  1. SOFT / LIGHT SPIN
  2. HARD / HEAVY SPIN
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30
Q

Types of Centrifuged that Perform in Whole blood unit

A

SOFT / LIGHT SPIN

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31
Q

Types of Centrifuged that Perform in RPC Component

A

HARD / HEAVY SPIN

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32
Q

Soft or Light Spin Component obtained:

A
  • Platelet Rich Plasma
  • Packed Red Cell Component
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33
Q

Hard / Heavy Spin Component obtained:

A
  • Platelet Poor Plasma (UPPER PORTION)
  • Platelet Concentrate (LOWER PORTION)
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34
Q

Soft / Light Spin minutes & rpm

A

2 – 3 minute at 3000 rpm

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35
Q

Hard / Heavy Spin minutes & rpm

A

5 minute at 3500 - 3600 rpm

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36
Q

Blood Bank Ref. Temperature

A

1 – 6 degree celsius.

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37
Q

Blood Bank Ref. Quality Control must maintain:

A

+/- 0.5 degree celsius

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38
Q

Quality Control of blood bank ref temp must be maintain, normal range between:

A

1.5 – 5.5 degree celsius

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39
Q

Monitoring the temperature of blood bank ref:

A

Every 8 hours, Every Shift or 3 times a day.

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40
Q

What components required REFREGIRATOR
Temperature for storage?

A

RBC Containing Components

Example:
1. Whole Blood Cell
2. Washed Red Blood Cell
3. Packed Red Blood Cell
4. Liquid Plasma
(W - W- P - L)

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41
Q

What components required FREEZER Temperature for storage?

A

PLASMA Containing Component

Example:
1. Fresh Frozen Plasma
2. Frozen Red Cell
3. FFP
4. Cryoprecipitate

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42
Q

Freezer Temperature

A
  • 20 degree celsius or colder
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43
Q

What components required ROOM temperature for storage?

A
  1. Platelet Concentrate with continues agitation
  2. WBC or Granulocyte Concentrate without agitation
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44
Q

Room Temperature

A

20 – 24 degree celsius

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45
Q

PLATELET CONCENTRATE stand at room temperature for how many hours?

A

1 hour

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46
Q

After 1 hour of standing at room temp, the platelet concentrate subject it to ____?____ at room temp.

A

Constant Agitation 3 – 5 days.

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47
Q

Purpose of Agitation

A

Would prevent platelet from adhering to one another or Platelet aggregation

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48
Q

Require Transporting Temperature

A

1 – 10 degree celsius

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49
Q

FROZEN COMPONENT: Must be transported with ?

A

Dry Ice

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50
Q

RBC COMPONENTS: Must be transported with?

A

Wet Ice

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51
Q

PLATELET & WBC: must be transported with?

A

Without Ice

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52
Q

What if the blood is transported without ice and its RBC Component?

A

REJECT!! (KATULAD NG PAG REJECT MO SA KANYA) HIHIIHIHI

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53
Q

The transport temperature affects the?

A

Integrity of the donor component unit.

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54
Q

CC of Fresh Whole Blood

A

450 - 500 cc

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55
Q

CC of FFP

A

200 cc

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56
Q

CC of PPP (Platelet Poor Plasma)

A

200 cc

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57
Q

CC of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma)

A

200 - 250 cc

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58
Q

CC of PRBC

A

200 - 250 cc

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59
Q

CC of Platelet Concentrate

A

50 - 70 cc

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60
Q

CC of Cryosupernate

A

180 - 200 cc

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61
Q

CC of Cryoprecipitate

A

15 - 20 cc

62
Q

Source of glucose, nutrients or food for the cell

A

Plasma RETAINED in the Pack RBC

63
Q

It’s contain all coagulation factors needed by the patient.

64
Q

After cold thawing process, it can be separate 2 component:

A

Lower & Upper Component

65
Q

Lower Component

66
Q

Upper Component

A

Precipitate

67
Q

Cryoprecipitate procedure:
Frozen plasma is transfer at ?

A

Ref. Temperature

68
Q

CRYOPRECIPITATE :
(UPPER OR LOWER LAYER)

A

Lower Layer

69
Q

CRYOSUPERNATE:
UPPWE OR LOWER LAYER)

A

Upper Layer

70
Q

Contains same coagulation factors present in FFP, but some coagulation factor in the component have decrease already.

A

Cryosupernate

71
Q

Cryosupernate: DECREASE:

A
  • Factor VIII:C
  • Factor I
  • Factor XIII
  • VWF
  • Fibronectin
71
Q

HIGH IN CRYOPRECIPITATE

A
  • Factor VIII:C
  • Factor I
  • Factor XIII
  • VWF
  • Fibronectin
72
Q

WHOLE BLOOD REQUIRED TIME FOR PROCESSING COMPONENTS

A

6 - 8 Hours

73
Q

Whole Blood anticoagulants used within 6 hours

A

ACD (Acid, Citrate, Dextrose)

74
Q

(3) Oxygen Carrying Components/Products

A
  1. Red cell concentrates
  2. Leukocyte-poor red blood cells
  3. Frozen-thawed red cells
75
Q

Platelet Products (2)

A
  1. Platelet rich plasma (PRP)
  2. Platelet concentrates (PC)
75
Q

Plasma Products (4)

A
  1. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
  2. Frozen plasma (FP)
  3. Cryoprecipitate
  4. Stored plasma
76
Q

Plasma Derivatives Plasma Derivatives (5)

A
  1. NSA
  2. PPF
  3. ISG
  4. FACTOR VIII CONC.
  5. RHOGAM FACTOR IX CONC.
77
Q

(COMPONENTS TRANSFUSION THERAPHY)

One unit may be used for ?

A

Multiple Transfusion

78
Q

Combination of cell and plasma.

A

Whole Blood

79
Q

21 days shelf life in whole blood. (3)

A
  1. CPD
  2. CP2D
  3. ACD
80
Q

Commonly use anticoagulant additives solution in hospital

A

CPD – A1

81
Q

Commonly for Apheresis procedure

82
Q

Shelf Life of HEPARIN

83
Q

Shelf Life of:
CPD – AS – 1
CPD AS – 3
CPD AS – 5

84
Q

Shelf Life of CPD - A1

85
Q

CPD – AS – 1

86
Q

CPD AS – 3

A

(Nutrisol)

87
Q

CPD AS – 5

88
Q

Characteristics of whole blood that no longer viable after 24 hrs. of storage

A

WBC & PLTS

89
Q

Labile factor significance decrease after?

A

2 days of storage

90
Q

LABILE FACTOR DECRESE (2)

A
  1. Factor 5
  2. Factor 8
91
Q

Storage Temp. of Whole Blood

A

1 - 6 degree celsius

92
Q

Indication of Whole Blood:

A

Active bleeding, hemorrhagic shock and exchange transfusion.

Indicated when both oxygen-carrying capacity and volume expansion are required.

93
Q

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF ONE UNIT OF WHOLE BLOOD

A

Increase hematocrit by 1 – 3%.

94
Q

EFFECT OF BLOOD TRNASFUSION/ INCREASE
HEMATOCRIT

After 6 hours blood transfusion, the doctor will order a CBC:

A

POST BLOOD TRANSFUSION CBC

95
Q

measure hematocrit, hemoglobin

A

POST BLOOD TRANSxFUSION CBC

96
Q

Whole blood 1 unit transfuse an increase hematocrit is consider as:

A

SUCCESFUL TRANSFUSION

97
Q

How many percent of RBC remain viable in the patient after transfusion which will cause significant effect, increase in hematocrit?

A

70% of RBC

98
Q

NO EEFECT SEEN/ NO INCREASE IN HEMATOCRIT: FAILED TRANSFUSION

A
  1. Less than 70% of RBC doesn’t survive
  2. Most of RBC unable to circulate.
99
Q

Shelf life is only fallowed the component preparation is done under?

A

Close system / Sterile Environment

100
Q

What if component is accidentally expose from close system to open system?

A

Automatically label as expired in 24 hours.

101
Q

Common cause of Transfusion Reaction

A

Febrile reaction / Fever patient because of bacterial reaction.

102
Q

COMPONENT OF RBC ADDITIVE SOLUTION

A
  • Saline Adenine
  • Adenine
  • Mannitol
  • Glucose

S-A-M-G (Samgyup yerrrrn!)

103
Q

Pack RBC Shelf Life

A

OPEN SYSTEM – 24 hrs

104
Q

Pack RBC Storage Temp.

A

1 – 6 degree celsius

105
Q

Pack RBC Content:

A

Hematocrit should be 80% or less
(There still plasma retain would serve as glucose)

106
Q

Pack RBC Indication:

A

Restore oxygen carrying capacity (anemia)

107
Q

PRBC IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF ONE UNIT

A

Increase Hematocrit by 3% and Increase hemoglobin by 1g.

108
Q

LEUKOPOOR RED BLOOD CELLS Shelf Life:

A

24 hours / 1 day

109
Q

LEUKOPOOR RED BLOOD CELLS Storage Temp:

A

1 – 6 degree celsius

110
Q

LEUKOPOOR RED BLOOD CELLS Content:

A

5 x 106 residual WBC

111
Q

LEUKOPOOR RED BLOOD CELLS Indication:

A

Anemia with history of febrile reactions;

To decrease alloimmunization to WBC or HLA antigens or CMV transmission.

112
Q

It is transfuse among patient with anemia with history of febrile reaction

A

leukopoor RBC

113
Q

WBC has antigen and HLA (human leukocyte antigen) – It can promote ______ ?

A

Alloimmunization to the patient, this can lead to febrile/ fever reaction.

114
Q

HOW TO AVOID FEBRILE/ FEVER REACTION

A

Need low WBC count and the donor unit.

115
Q

If the CMV within the cell of healthy people like blood donor, it consider as?

A

Asymptomatic

116
Q

HOW TO AVOID CMV TRANSMISSION

A

Reduce WBC count

117
Q

Layer that selectively remove when centrifugation and rich in white blood cells.

A

Buffy Coat layer

118
Q

Washing procedures using?

A

Saline or Glycerol

119
Q

Centrifugation: (Open System or Close System)

A

Open System

120
Q

Washing Procedure:(Open System or Close System)

A

Open System

121
Q

Removed excess WBC

A

Washing procedures using saline or glycerol

122
Q

Mechanical separation using?

A

Leukoreduction Filter

123
Q

The best technique in reducing the WBC population

A

Mechanical separation using leukoreduction filter

124
Q

What um in first generation filters ?

A

170 um (the one used)

125
Q

What um in second generation filters?

126
Q

What um in third generation filters?

A

3-log filter

127
Q

CELLS / COMPONENT IN THE BLOOD FILTERED IN LEUKOREDUCTION FILTERS (5)

A
  1. Fibrin Clot
  2. Giant Platelet
  3. Macrocytes – large RBC
  4. Large WBC fragments
  5. Most of the WBC
128
Q

CELLS PASS THROUGH THE FILTERS (3)

A
  1. Normal Platelet
  2. Normal RBC
  3. WBC same size with normal RBC
129
Q

RESTORE expired donor unit

A

REJUVENATED RED BLOOD CELLS

130
Q

REJUVENATED RED BLOOD CELLS Contains:

A

P-I-G-P-A
(Phosphate, Inosine, Glucose, Pyruvate, Adenosine)

131
Q

PIGPA – become?

A

P-I-P-A, the glucose has been removed.

132
Q

Essential for cell function, survival

A

ATP & 2,3 DPG

133
Q

ATP

134
Q

2,3 DPG

A

Function of the RBC

135
Q

Addition of Rejuvenation solution (PIGPA-Phosphate, Inosine, Glucose, Pyruvate, Adenosine) to regenerate _____ ?

A

ATP and 2,3- DPG

136
Q

REJUVENATED RED BLOOD CELLS Shelf Life:

A

3 days after expiration date

137
Q

REJUVENATED RED BLOOD CELLS Storage Temp:

A

1 – 6 degree celsius

138
Q

InRejuvenated RBC for transfusion, wash properly and transfuse within?

139
Q

The only FDA – approved rejuvenation solution.

140
Q

If the donor unit is “rare”(ex. AB-) but it is already expired, you can rejuvenate the blood by adding ?

141
Q

WASHED RED BLOOD CELLS Shelf Life:

A

24 hours / 1 day

142
Q

WASHED RED BLOOD CELLS Storage Temp.

A

1 – 6 degree celsius

143
Q

QC REQUIREMENTS OF WASHED RBC

A
  1. Plasma must be removal
  2. Plasma contain offending protein/ antibodies
144
Q

2 Types of Crossmatching

A

Major Crossmatching &
Minor Crossmatching

145
Q

Patient serum is tested
against the donor red cell.

A

Major Crossmatching

146
Q

Patient of antibody that will react to antigen of donor red cell.

A

Major Crossmatching

147
Q

Patient red cell test to donor serum.

A

Minor Crossmatching

148
Q

NO LONGER PERFORMED AS A PART OF ROUTINE PRE TRANSFUSION, ONLY DONE IF REQUESTED OF DOCTOR.

A

Minor Crossmatching

149
Q

Replace in Minor Crossmatching

A

ANTIBODY SCREENING/ DONOR SERUM ANTIBODY SCREENING

HEMA LAB (3 decks)

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