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Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes are also known as

A

Flukes

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2
Q

Trematodes general morphology

A

Leaf shape
Ventral side is flat
Dorsal side is convex

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3
Q

Hold fast organs of trematodes

A

Suckers

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4
Q

Trematodes have (complete,incomplete) digestive tracts

A

Incomplete

*No anal opening, undigested food regurgitates to oral opening.

*ability to absorb nutrients thru teguments

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5
Q

Reproduction of trematodes (sexual, asexual)

A

BOTH

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6
Q

1st intermediate hosts of trematodes

A

Snails (mollusks)

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7
Q

T/F: All trematodes requires 2 intermediate hosts

A

False. Schistosoma only requires 1 (snail)

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8
Q

Trematode that is not hermaphoditic/monoeious

A

Schistosoma

(Separate male and female adults)

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9
Q

T/F: Schistosoma have operculated eggs

A

FALSE.

All trematodes except schistosoma has

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10
Q

General pattern of trematodes life cycle

A

Adult - egg - miracidium - 1st intermediate host - cercaria - metacercaria - adult

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11
Q

Trematode’s definitive host

A

Human

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12
Q

Trematode: Miracidium infects _______

A

Suitable 1st intermediate host (mollusks)

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13
Q

Trematode: cercaria will infect __________

A

2nd intermediate host (snails, crabs, vegetation)

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14
Q

Trematode: inside the 2nd intermediate host, which will form a cyst in the tissue

A

Metacercaria

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15
Q

The most important genus of medically significant trematodes

A

Genus Schistisoma

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16
Q

Blood flukes

A

Genus Schistisoma

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17
Q

Genus Schistisoma are (homoemicious, diemicious)

A

Diemicious

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18
Q

The most important specie of Schistisoma

A

Schistisoma japonicum

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19
Q

Oriental blood fluke

A

S. Japonicum

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20
Q

Schistisoma spp that is found in mesenteric veins

A

S. Japonicum

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21
Q

The life cycle of S. Japonicum will only be complete if it will be…

A

Shed from the body of the definitive host

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22
Q

S. Japonicum will be acquired by humans if…

A

There is contact with infected water

*cercaria will attach and penetrate the intact skin then reach the blood vessels, reach portal circulation and mature into adults

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23
Q

In terms of morphology, S. Japonicum male are more ________, while female are ______

A

Robust; slender and longer

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24
Q

During copulation of S. Japonicum, female rest on _________

A

Gynecopherol canal on ventral region/side of male adult

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25
Q

Clinical manifestations of S. Japonicum

A

Swimmer’s itch
Katayama fever/Snail fever
Bilharziasis (chronic)

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26
Q

Diagnosis of S. Japonicum

A

Eggs in biopsy (INC sensitivity) or stool (often negative)
Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)
ELISA
Indirect Hemagglutination

**Immunodiagnosis common in Ph

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27
Q

Trematode found in South America, Central Africa

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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28
Q

Describe the eggs of S. Mansoni

A

Has large thorn-like/rose thorn-like lateral spine

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29
Q

In humans, S. Mansoni is found on

A

Mesenteric veins of the lower colon

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30
Q

S. Haematobium is geographically found in….

A

the continent of Africa

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31
Q

Differentiate the eggs of S. Haematobium and S. Mansoni

A

S. Mansoni has a spine located laterally while S. Haematobium’s spine is found terminally

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32
Q

In humans, S. Haematobium is foun in…

A

Prostatic and uterine plexuses (around urinary bladder)

33
Q

Which Schistosoma spp requires a urine sample for diagnosis?

A

S. Haematobium

34
Q

Schistosoma mekongi is found geographically in…

A

South east asia in the Mekong River basin

35
Q

S. Intercalatum eggs are similar to S. Haematobium but it has…

A

Curved terminal spine (subjective)

36
Q

T/F. S. Intercalatum can be detected on both feces and urine

37
Q

Paragonimus westermani:

1st intermediate host: _________
2nd intermediate host: __________

A

1st: Snail
2nd: Crustaceans *Depend on geographical location (prawn, crayfish, crab)

38
Q

P. Westermani is acquired through ingestion of..

A

Raw/insufficiently cooked crabs

39
Q

P. Westermani adults are found in…

A

Lungs of definitive host = produce ova

40
Q

P. Westermani eggs/ova passed in…

A

Sputum or feces

41
Q

Adult fluke looks like coffee bean is…

A

P. Westermani (7-12mm)

42
Q

P. Westermani diagnosis, usually detected in feces are…

43
Q

Describe the ova of P. Westermani

A

Flat operculum, abopercular thickening, tapered,

44
Q

Clinical manifestations of P. Westermani

A

Pulmonary diseases

45
Q

Symptoms when infected with P. Westermani may be mistaken as…

A

Pulmonary tuberculosis

  • chronic cough
    Rust colored sputum
    Hemoptysis
    Similar chest x-rays
46
Q

To differentiate P. Westermani infection and Pulmonary tuberculosis use…

A

P-Tb - acid fast bacili
P. Westermani - ova in sample

47
Q

Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

48
Q

F. Buski adults found in…

A

Small intestine

49
Q

2nd intermediate host of Fascilopsis buski

A

Aquatic plants (e.g. Kangkong, water chestnut)

*Water chestnut floats in rivers/lakes = seeds eaten raw

50
Q

Diagnostic stage of F. Bruski

51
Q

F. Bruski is difficult to differentiate from..

52
Q

To differentiate Fasciola and Fasciolopsis identify the…

A

Infected body site
Fasciola: Liver
Fasciolopsis: Intestine

53
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum and Artyfechinostonum malayanum’s 2nd intermediate host: _______

54
Q

E. Ilocanum and A. Malayanum can be acquired through…

A

Ingestion of snails

PH: Pomacea caniculata (Golden Kuhol)

55
Q

T/F: A. Malayanum demonstrates collar spines

A

FALSE: Adult E. Ilocanum demonstrates collar spines

56
Q

Number of testis of E. Ilocanum

57
Q

Diagnosis of E. Ilocanum/A. Malayanum

A

Eggs in stool

58
Q

Flukes found in Japan

A

Heterophyid Flukes

59
Q

2nd intermediate host of heterophyid flukes

60
Q

Parasite of fish eating hosts

A

Heterophyid flukes

61
Q

Heterophyid flukes species

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai
Haplorchis taichui
Haplorchis yokogawai

62
Q

Heterophyes has ____ acetabulum
Metangonimus has __ acetabulum

A

3 (3rd: genital sucker)
2

63
Q

Manifestations of heterophyid flukes

A

Inflammation and excessive mucus production
Eggs and adults found in ectopic sites (occasionally)
Damage to intestinal tract

64
Q

Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are infections in…

65
Q

Liver flukes

A

Sheep: F. Hepatica (temperature liver fluke)
Giant liver fluke - F. Gigantica (tropical liver fluke)

66
Q

2nd intermediate host of Fasciola spp

A

Aquatic Plants

SImilar to F. Bruski

67
Q

Adult of what trematode has a cephalic cones (triagular shape in anterior end)

A

Fasciola spp.

68
Q

Hepatomegaly is a clinical manifestation of which trematode

A

F. Hepatica, F. Gigantica (fasciola spp)

69
Q

Halzoun is manifested by which trematode

A

Fasciola spp.

suffocation due to temporary lodging of worm in the pharynx brought by ingestion of RAW liver

70
Q

Eggs in bile may be diagnostic for…

A

Fasciola spp

71
Q

T/F: Eggs in stool may be result of ingesting cooked liver but does not cause infection

72
Q

Chinese liver flukes

A

Clonorchis sinensis

73
Q

Cat liver fluke

A

Opisthorcis felineus

74
Q

Differentiate adult morphology of Clonorchis and Opisthorchis

A

Clonorchis: branched testis
Opisthorchis: Lobed testis (2 lobes)

75
Q

Associated with liver and bile duct carcinoma

A

Clonorchis and opisthorchis

76
Q

Oriental lung fluke

A

P. Westermani

77
Q

Smallest trematode

A

Heterophyid flukes

78
Q

Largest trematode that produces disease

A

Fasciola spp.

Parasitology (3 decks)

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