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Parasitology > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of cestodes

A
  • Dorsoventrally flat/ ribbon-like
  • bilaterally symmetrical
  • segmented
  • hermaphroditic/monoecious
  • no diget=stive tract
  • adults must be found on intestines of definitive host
  • intermediate hosts harbor larvae in extraintestinal sites
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2
Q

Cestodes are also called

A

Tapeworms

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3
Q

Hermaphroditic/monoecious means

A

Both male and female reproductive organs exist in the same organism

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4
Q

Cestodes acquire food through

A

Absorption with their tegument (skin-like covering)

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5
Q

The two anatomical region of cestodes

A

SCOLEX (anterior)
STROBILA (posterior)

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6
Q

This is located in the anterior most end of cestodes which may or may not contain hooks

A

Rostellum (Rostella)

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7
Q

Suckers are located in ___________ end and functions as ______________

A

Anterior; attachment and suction

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8
Q

Suckers in cestodes vary in shape:

Round/cup = ________
Groove = _________

A

Acetabulum
Bothrium

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9
Q

Each segment of a cestode is called

A

Proglottid

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10
Q

3 types of proglottid

A

Immature - repro organs are not yet fully developed
Mature - developed but not fertilized yet
Gravid/Ripe - uterus filled w/ ova

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11
Q

Segments emerge from the

A

Neck

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12
Q

Younger proglottids on cestodes are located

A

Near the neck

**Towards the end = gravid proglottid

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13
Q

Definitive host of intestinal cestodes

A

Human

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14
Q

Pork tape worm

A

Taenia solium

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15
Q

T. Solium infected stool samples demonstrates:

A

Egg or gravid segments

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16
Q

T/F: Extraintestinal infection of T. Solium is worse than taenia infection

A

TRUE.

Humans dead end host, larva die in muscle, lungs, brain, eyes = more severe manifestations

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17
Q

Number of acetabula on T. Solium

A

4

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18
Q

Scolex morphology of T. Solium

A
  • 4 suckers (acetabula)
  • rostellum w/ double crowns/rings of hooks
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19
Q

Describe immature proglottids of T. Solium

A

Wider than long

**Mature = becomes long

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20
Q

Part of T. Solum more visible in stool during diagnosis

A

Gravid proglottid

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21
Q

What dye is used to identify parts of mature proglottid?

A

India ink or methylene blue

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22
Q

To identify the proglottid as T. Solium, count the ________ from the base of the __________ branches

A

Uterine; uterine

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23
Q

How many lateral branches does T. Solium have for each side?

A

7-15 lateral branches

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24
Q

T. Solium infection shows ____________ in biopsy samples

A

Cystecerus cellulosae/larva (cysticerocis)

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25
Q

Most severe form of T. Solium infection

A

Neurocystecercosis

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26
Q

Which type of T. Solium infection is caused by the ingestion of insufficiently cooked/raw pork?

A

Taeniasis

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27
Q

T/F: Taeniasis can ause nutritional deficiency due to tapeworm’s competition to nutrients and irritation

A

TRUE

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28
Q

Extraintestinal infection of T. Solium

A

Cysticercosis

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29
Q

Cysticercosis of T. Solium can be acquired through…

A

Ingestion of contaminated food/drink w/ fecal material where ova is found = becomes accidental host

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30
Q

Diagnosis of taeniasis

A

Presence of proglottids, eggs, or scolex in stool

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31
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

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32
Q

Difference of T. Solium and T. Saginata in terms of its life cycle

A

Humans CANNOT serve as intermediate host for T. Saginata

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33
Q

Describe the scolex of T. Saginata

A
  • cuboidal
  • no rostellum, no hooks
  • 4 cup-shaped suckers (acetabula)
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34
Q

T/F: T. Saginata has accessory ovarian lobe and vaginal sphincter

A

FALSE: it has NO accessory ovarian lobe

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35
Q

Number of lateral branches of T. Saginata

A

15-20

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36
Q

T. Saginata can be diagnosed through what procedure?

A

Perianal swab

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37
Q

T/F: T. Soilum is motile = it can migrate from intestine to perianal region.

A

FALSE: T. Saginata proglottid is motile

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38
Q

T/F: T. Saginata is larger than T. Solium

A

TRUE. It can be removed by surgery

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39
Q

Manifestations of T. Saginata infection

A
  • epigastric pain
  • hunger pangs
  • pruritis ani
  • intestinal obstruction
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40
Q

Fomerly known as T. Saginata subspecie asiatica

A

T. Asiatica

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41
Q

Number of lateral branches of T. Asiatica

A

11-32

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42
Q

What distinguishes cysticercus of T. Solium and T. Asiatica?

A

T. Asiatica has wart-like protruberances on the surface

43
Q

Gravid segments of T. Solium and T. Asiatica is easily mistaken because…

A

Their lateral brances numbers overlaps

44
Q

T/F: T. Asiatica does NOT produce cystocercosis in humans

A

True

45
Q

Intermediate hosts of T. Asiatica

A

Swine
Cattle
Goats
Monkeys
Wild boar

46
Q

Two important specie of genus hymenolepis

A

H. Nana
H. Diminuta

47
Q

Dwarf tapeworm

A

H. Nana

48
Q

Smallest tapeworm that can cause intestinal infection in human

A

H. Nana

49
Q

Intermediate hosts of H. Nana

A

Arthropods: grain beetles, flour beetles (found in old stock of rice/flour)

50
Q

Infection of H. Nana is acquired through….

A

Ingestion of food with cysticercoid larva

51
Q

Which is being identified in stool for H. Nana infection?

A

Ova

**proglottids are rarely shed

52
Q

_______ are more commonly found as parasites of rodents

A

H. Nana

53
Q

Primary hosts of H. Nana

A

Rodents

54
Q

Describe the scolex of H. Nana

A
  • 4 acetabula
  • armed rostellum
  • Y-shaped hooklets
55
Q

H. Nana has ______ testes and _____ ovary

A

3; 1 (single)

**gravid proglottid = testes and ovary disappear, uterus enlarge, compartments filled w/ ova

56
Q

Distinguishable characteristic of ova of H. Nana

A

Two shells/membrance (thick inner/thin outer)

57
Q

Severe immune reaction causes tissue necrosis by which cestode?

A

H. Nana

58
Q

Rat tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

59
Q

Difference of life cycle between H. Nana and H. Diminuta

A

H. Diminuta REQUIRES intermediate host to complete life cycle

60
Q

T/F: In terms of morphology, H. Diminuta has 8 hooks

A

H. Diminuta has NO hooks (unarmed rostellum)

61
Q

Ova of H. Diminuta lacks _______

A

Bipolar filaments

**H. Nana has bipolar filaments

62
Q

H. Diminuta Cysticercoid is found in __________

A

Intermediate host

63
Q

Diagnosis of H. Diminuta is through detection of….

A

Eggs in stool

64
Q

Dog tapeworm

A

Dipylidium caninum

65
Q

Number of genital pores of D. Caninum

A

2 (Double-pored tapeworm)

66
Q

T/F: D. Caninum is exclusive parasite of dogs

A

FALSE. Cats can also serve as definitive host

67
Q

In D. Caninum, adults are found in ____________. While larval stage (cysticercoid) is found in ____________.

A

Intestines of definitive host;
Arthropods as intermediate host

68
Q

Cestode with armed rostellum w 1-7 rows of hooklets (Rosethorn-shaped/broad base)

A

Dipylidium caninum

69
Q

Pumpkin seed shape proglottids

A

D. Caninum

70
Q

Dipilydium caninum proglottids appears….

A

Pumpkin seed shape
Double pores at each side (bilateral genital pores)
2 sets of reproductive organ per proglottid/segment

71
Q

When ova are seen in D. Caninum infection, it appears as…..

A

Egg packets/capsules

72
Q

Diagnosis of D. Caninum

A

Proglottids in stool
Egg capsules (rare)

73
Q

Raillietina garrisoni definitive hosts

A

Rodents

74
Q

R. Garrisoni intermediate hosts

A

Arthropod vectors

75
Q

Parasite w/ hammer shaped hooks

A

R. Garrisoni

76
Q

R. Garrisoni scolex morphology

A

4 acetabula
Armed rostellum
Hammer shaped hooks
Spines surround the rostellum

77
Q

Rice grain proglottid

A

Raillientina garrisoni

78
Q

Fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

79
Q

In terms of sizes, in cestodes, _________ next to Taenia is large

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

80
Q

D. Latum is acquired through…

A

Ingestion of undercooked/raw fish

*Larva emerge and attach to intestinal walls = becomes adult

81
Q

Scolex of D. Latum appears…

A

Spoon shaped/spatulate/leaf/almond
2 grooves (bothria)

82
Q

The genital pore of D. Latum is (dorsal/ventral)

A

Ventral

83
Q

Gravid proglottid appears _________ when stained since it is filled w/ ________

A

Black; eggs

84
Q

Uterus of D. Latum is ____________

A

Rosette-like/coiled

85
Q

T/F: The ova of D. Latum has abopercular knob and opeculum

A

TRUE

86
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency that leads to megaloblastic anemia can possibly caused by……

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

87
Q

Diagnosis of D. Latum

A

Egg in stool
Proglottid in stool (RARE)

88
Q

Extraintestinal cestodes are:

A

Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis

89
Q

Smallest tapeworms (smaller than H. Nana) associated w/ human disease

A

Echinoccus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis

90
Q

Definitive host of Echinococcus spp.

A

Canines (Domestic/wild)

91
Q

Intermediate hosts of Echinococcus spp.

A

Grazing ruminants (Herbivores that chew the cud/grass, sheep, goat)

92
Q

T/F: Echinococcus spp. travels to the visceral organs (lungs/liver)

A

True

93
Q

Echinococcus spp.’s accidental intermediate hosts:

A

Humans = dead end

94
Q

Echinococcus spp. adults morphology

A

3 segments

95
Q

Clinical manifestations of Echinococus spp. infection

A

Organ impairement, atrophy, necrosis, *depend on location of cyst (liver, lungs, brain, orbit)

96
Q

Diagnosis of Echinococcus spp.

A

Microscopy (optional)
Imaging
Surgery - confirmatory
Serology

97
Q

Sparganosis is caused by…

A

Spirometra spp.

98
Q

Most common spirometra spp.

A

S. Mansoni

99
Q

Previously thought to be D. Latum

A

Spirometra spp.

100
Q

Spirometra species

A

S. Mansoni
S. Erinacei
S. Ranarum

101
Q

T/F: Spirometra spp. and D. Latum infections has the exact life cycle

A

FALSE. Same but humans are NOT definitive hosts of Spirometra spp.

102
Q

Modes of transmission on humans of Spirometra spp.

A

Ingestion of contaminated water
Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host
Infected intermediate/paratenic host applied on skin (poultice for sores)
Ingestion of flesh of paratenic host

103
Q

Clinical manifestation of Spirometra spp.

A

Swelling (larva in tissue)
Painful edema
Erythema
Urticaria
Fever/chills
Eosinophilia

104
Q

Diagnosis of spirometra spp.

A

Larva in lesion thru biopsy/actual extraction of larva from sore

Parasitology (3 decks)

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