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Helminthology > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Larval stages of Digenean Flukes

A

Egg
1. Miracidium
2. Sporocyst
3. Radia
4. Cercaria
5. Metacercaria

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2
Q

Trematodes acquired by Eating metacercaria encysted on vegetation

A

Family Fasciolidae

Family Paramphistomatidae

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3
Q

Trematodes acquired by eating a 2nd intermediate host

A

Family Clinostomidae
Family Dicrocoeliidae
Family Heterophyidae
Family Prosthogonimidae
Family Opisthorchiidae
Family Nanophyetidae
Family Echinostomatidae
Family Paragonimidae

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4
Q

Trematodes acquired by active skin penetration

A

Family Schistosomatidae

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5
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes:
Obstruction in Bile ducts and liver cirrhosis

A

Fasciola, Dicrocoelium

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6
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Gastric and intestinal ulceration leading to hemorrhage

A

Paramphistomidae,
Heterophyes

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7
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Catarrhal inflammation of pancreatic ducts

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

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8
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Laryngopharyngitis

A

Clinostomum complanatum

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9
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Decalcification and perforation of frontal sinus bone

A

Troglotrema acutum

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10
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia

A

Paragonimus spp.

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11
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Inflammation of the oviduct and Bursa of Fabricius

A

Prosthogonimus spp.

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12
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Transmission of Pathogens

A

Nanophyetes salminocola transmits Neorickettsia helminthoeca

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13
Q

Species of Digenean fluke that does not have a radial stage

A

Schistosoma japonicum/ Schistosoma spp.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Eurytrema pancreaticum

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14
Q

Most common amphistome affecting cattle and carabaos in the Philippines

10-20 mm long and 3-5 mm wide
Egg size: 125-152 μm long, 65-75 μm wide

A

Fischoederius elongatus

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15
Q

2nd most common amphistome in the Philippines
o Shorter body (8-10 mm long)
o Egg size: 110-120 μm long, 60-75 μm wide

A

Fischoederius cobboldi

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16
Q

The special integument of parasitic flukes that allows it to withstand the gastric and digestive enzymes of its host.

A

Syncytial tegument

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17
Q

“true flukes”
“two” ; “generation”

A

Class Trematoda
Subclass Diginea

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18
Q

Prosthogonimus pellucidus

A

PS: bursa of fabricius, oviduct and posterior intestine of domestic and wild birds.

IH1: fresh water snail
IH2: dragon fly
DH:fowl, duck, wild birds

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19
Q

Parasites of the bile ducts of carnivores
IH2: are cyprinid fishes
Flat and fusiform-shaped
-Testes(lobed/branched) posterior to ovary, both located on posterior part of body
-vitelline glands : middle lateral fields

A

Family Opisthorichiidae

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20
Q

the zoonotic agents/parasites are restricted only to vertebrate hosts.

A

Cyclozoonosis

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21
Q

Excretory tubular network is called?

A

protonephridia

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22
Q

commonly called the planarians, they are mainly free-living carnivorous flatworms and are of no veterinary significance

A

Class Turbellaria

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23
Q

flukes that are ectoparasitic to cold-blooded aquatic or amphibious vertebrates and invertebrates, and has a direct life cycle.

A

Class Monogenea

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24
Q

a parasitic group characterized by the lack of a digestive tract and a body that is segmented into individual reproductive units.

A

Class Cestoda

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25
Q

A roughly triangular shaped larva, with a broad anterior end
- It is completely covered with cilia
- It possesses and anterior spine at the anterior end, which it uses to bore into the snail IH
- In some species, this (still encased in the egg) must be consumed by the snail.

A

Miracidium

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26
Q

The ciliated coat is lost upon penetration into the snail IH
 It is an undifferentiated mass of cells and therefore does not feed
 The germinal cells inside it will multiply and will produce either daughter sporocysts or radiae

A

Sporocyst

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27
Q

Produced by the radia (or the sporocyst in species with no radial stage)

A

Cercaria

28
Q

The final larval stage and is also the infective stage
 The encysted form
 It has to reach the definitive host in order to complete its life-cycle

A

Metacercaria

29
Q

Occurs in the bile ducts of ruminants, especially sheep, cattle, and goat, but can also affect horses, deer, rabbits, humans, cats, dogs, and other mammals.
Adult flukes are leaf-shaped, but broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with an anterior cone-shaped projection

A

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)

30
Q

less common and almost invariably seen in sheep. It is a traumatic hepatitis with extensive destruction of liver parenchyma and hemorrhage, especially in sheep at 6-8 weeks of age.

A

Acute fascioliasis

31
Q

the most common form of infection in sheep, cattle, and other animals (including man). The major consequence of infection if hepatic fibrosis as a result of the migratory tracts produced by the immature flukes in the liver parenchyma, which led to hemorrhage and necrosis

A

Chronic Fascioliasis

32
Q

The IH of Family Fascioloides

A

Lymnea spp. , Lymnea truncata,
Fossaria spp.(F. magna)
Planorbis spp. (F. buski)
Segmentina spp. (F. buski)

33
Q

they are mainly parasitic in the forestomach of ruminants and the intestines. It also affects pigs, equines, and man. They are thick, conical, and flesh rather than flat.

A

Family Paramphistomatidae

34
Q

Fluke that occurs in the large and small intestines of equines, pigs, and warthogs and causes Intestinal ulceration and hemorrhage

A

Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (intestinal fluke)

35
Q

Control and treatment of Fasciolidae Flukes

A

-Benzimidazole anthelmenthics
-Control of snail intermediate host, best achieved by providing piped water supply to troughs and regular application of a molluscicide

35
Q

Control and treatment of Paramphistome flukes

A

-Praziquantel
-Control of snail intermediate host, best achieved by providing piped water supply to troughs and regular application of a molluscicide

36
Q

Found in the mouth and throat of piscivorous bird (herons, bitterns). Infection has also been recorded in man.
* Cosmopolitan in distribution, but common in Asia and tropical countries

A

Clinostomum complanatum, C. marginatum

37
Q

DH, IH, PS and disease of Clinostomum complanatum,
C. marginatum

A

-DH: Herons, bitterns
-IH1: Lymnea spp., Helisoma spp.
-IH2: fresh water fish
-PS: mouth throat
-Disease: Laryngopharyngitits (birds); yellow grubs (fish)

38
Q

Describe fasciolidae egg

A

Brown to yellowish in color, operculum is on blunt end/

39
Q

describe paraamphistome egg

A

clear to pale greenish in color, oval shaped, operculum on sharp end.

40
Q

What is the lesion or injury seen during necropsy that would indicate that a sheep has acute fasciolosis?

A

Traumatic hepatitis, liver fibrosis

41
Q

-Parasites of the bile ducts/ pancreatic ducts of ruminants
-2nd IH are terrestrial arthropods
-Flat and lanceolate-shaped
-Testes anterior to ovary, but both are located on anterior half of body

A

Family Dicrocoelidae

42
Q

Life Cycle: IH1 produces “slime balls” where the cercariae clump together in the pulmonary chamber of the snail.

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)

43
Q

Platynosomum fastosum

A

-DH: cats
- IH1: Sublima snail
- IH 2: Lizard, isopod
- PS: Bile duct, liver
- Disease: Hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, hepatomegaly

44
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

A

-DH: ruminants
- IH1: snail (Bradybaena, Cathaica)
- IH2: Grosshopper, cricket
-PS: Pancreatic duct
-Disease: Catarrhal inflammation of pancreatic duct

45
Q

Parasitic in the gallbladder and bile ducts of reptiles, birds, and mammals.
-2nd IH are Cyprinid Fishes
- flat and fusiform-shaped
-Testes(lobed/branched), posterior to ovary.
-reproductive organs: posterior part of the body

A

Family Opisthorchiidae

46
Q

Chlonorchis sinensis

A

“chinese liver fluke”
Ps: Pancreatic duct and bile duct, duodenum
DH: man, dog, weasle, mink
IH1: snail (bulinus, Bithynia)
IH2: Cyprinid fishes
disease: Catarrhal cholecystitis, fibrosis of bile duct, Bile duct occlusion.

47
Q

Family Opisthorchiidae

A

Opisthorchis tenuicollis
Opisthorcis viverrini
Chlonorchis sinensis

48
Q

Ovary anterior to the testes, both located on the posterior end of body. Vitelline glands found laterally but only on posterior half of body
-IH2: fishes
-Ps: small intestines
-DH: canines, felines, man

A

Family Heterophyidae

49
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

A

PS: small intestine
IH1: snail (Cerithidia cingulata)
IH2: Tilapia
DH: Dog, Man, Cat
Disease: Hemorrhagic diarrhea +. desquamation of intestinal mucosa

50
Q

Elongate flukes with a strong ventral sucker not far behind the smaller oral sucker (which is surrounded by a ‘head-collar’ that bears a row of spines).
2nd IH are other freshwater snails, tadpoles and freshwater fishes.
-location of the ovary and reproductive organs?

A

Family Echinostomatidae
-ovary is anterior to testes: both located in middle of body.

51
Q

1st and 2nd IH of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

IH 1: Gyraulus, Hippeutis
IH 2:Pila luzonica

52
Q

Echinostoma revolutum

A

DH: duck, goose
IH 1 : Lymnea, Planorbis
IH 2: Snail
PS: rectum, ceca
disease: Hemorrhagic or catarrhal enteritis

53
Q

Parasites of the lungs of carnivores and man
2nd IH are freshwater crabs and crayfishes
Flat and ovoid (lemon-shaped)
Ovary is on one side of the body while uterus is on the other side

A

Family Paragonimidae
-Paragonimus westermanii

54
Q

Paragonimus westermanii

A

DH: Pig, dog,cat, carnivores
IH1: snail
IH 2: crabs, crayfish
PS: lungs (rarely in brain and spinal c.)
Disease: Peritonitis, pleuritis, Chronic bronchioloitis, pneumonia.

55
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti

A

DH: Pig, dog,cat, carnivores
IH1: snail
IH 2: crabs, crayfish
PS: lungs
Disease: Peritonitis, pleuritis, Chronic bronchioloitis, pneumonia.

56
Q

Nanophyetus salmonica

A

Family Nanophyetidae
DH: dog, cat, fox, cayote, otter
IH 1: snail
IH 2: Salmonid fish
PS: small intestines
disease: Hemorrhagic enteritis, Salmon poisoning

57
Q

Blood flukes; found in blood vessels, particularly the mesenteric and portal veins.
Dioecious flukes

A

Family Schistosomatidae

58
Q

A dermatitis caused by the cercariae of wild waterfowl schistosome when the penetrate and migrate in human skin

A

Swimmer’s itch

59
Q

Schistosoma bovis

A

Family Schistosomatidae
DH: Cattle, ruminants
IH: snail
PS: Portal, mesenteric, urogenital veins
Disease: Serious parasite in cattle and sheep
* Eggs: spindle-shaped (but small ones can be oval)

60
Q

Schistosoma japonicum

A

Family Schitosomatidae
DH: Man, cattle, ruminants
IH: snail (Oncomelania quadrasi)
PS: portal and messenteric veins
Disease: Katayama disease

61
Q

Schistosoma nasalis

A

DH: ruminnats
IH: snails (Planorbis)
PS: nasal mucosa veins
Disease: Rhinitis, mucopurulent discharge from nose,sneezing, dyspnea and snoring (Snoring Disease)

62
Q

Ciliated larva with a short free-swimming period in search of a suitable host.

A

Oncomiracidium

63
Q

Gyrodactylus elegans

A

Class Monogenea
DH: Teleost fish (trout)
PS: Skin, fins, gills

64
Q

Discocotyle sagittata

A

DH: Salmonid fish
PS: Gills, skin

Class monogenea

65
Q

Posthodiplostomum cuticula

A

DH: herons, kingfishers
IH 1: Planorbid snails
IH2: Cyprinid fishes
PS: intestines (DH) ; skin, muscles, eyes (IH2)
disease: Black spot disease (IH 2)

66
Q

ciliated Larvae of monogenean flukes

A

Oncomiracidium

Helminthology (3 decks)

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