P1 (Trematodes, Cestoda, Diginea) Flashcards
Accidental ingestion of these IH can result to infection of Hymenolepis diminuta, except?
a. fleas
b. cockroaches
c. copepods
d. flour beetles
C. copepods
How are turkeys infected by Raillietina echinobothridia
a. ingestion of infected slugs
b. ingestion of infected ants
c. ingestion of infected earthworms
d. ingestion of infected beetles
b. Ingestion of infected ants
Auto-infection is known to occur in the following tapeworms species, except?
a. Taenia solium
b. Dipylidium caninum
c. Hymenolepis nana
d. NOTA
b. Dipylidium caninum
A cayote had died and a necropsy was performed. Amongst many other parasites found in its small intestine, there was a small tapeworm that only had 4 elongated proglottid the terminal being the largest segment. The scolex also presents with an armed rostellum. What is this parasite?
a. Davainea proglottina
b. Dipylidium caninum
c. Echinococcus granulosus
d. Cysticercus hydatigena
c. Echinococcus granulosus
What is the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis as a result of fascioliasis?
a. Acute trauma as a result of the migration of mature flukes in liver parenchyma
b. Obstruction of the bile ducts by accumulation of fluke
c. Acute trauma as a result of the migration of immature flukes in liver parenchyma
d. Prolong and reoccuring infections of Fasciola in liver
D.
Chicken infected with this tapeworm suffers from hemorrhagic enteritis leading to necrosis of intestinal mucosa, particularly in the duodenum.
a. Raillietina echinobothridia
b. Choanotaenia infundibulum
c. Raillietena tetragona
d. Davainea proglottina
D. Davainea progottina
Flukes with a head-collar bearing signs are known as?
Echinostomatids
Which of the following is the best way to distinguish Faciola gigantica from Fasciola hepatica?
a. The presence of prominent ‘shoulders’
b. The lack of prominent ‘shoulders’
c. The presence of an anterior cone
d. The lack of an anterior cone
b. The lack of prominent ‘ shoulders’
This is a type of metacestode where it involves a single scolex invaginated inside a fluid-filled cyst.
Cysticercus
The fringed tapeworms is transmitted to deer through ingestion of what intermediate host?
Thysanosoma actinoides “fringed-tapeworm”
Psocid
The causative agent of sparganosis in man
Spirometra mansoni
The immature form if this tapeworm is located in the muscles of freshwater fishes
A. Diphylobothrium latum
B. Spirometra mansonoides
C. Avitellina centripunctata
D. Hymenolepos lanceolata
A. Diphylobotrium latum
The formation of cysts containing multiple invaginated scolices in the brain of sheep is due to?
ingestion of eggs of Taenia multiceps in contaminated herbage
This equine tapeworm causes the formation of ulcerative lesions on the mucosal surface of the intestines at the ileo-cecal junction
Anoplocephala perfoliata
The pseudoscolex is a feature found in?
Fimbriaria fasciolaris
Produced by the radia or the sporocyts in species with no radial stage. A tadpole-like larvae with either a discoidal or elongated body and a tail for swimming.
Cercaria
The final larval stage and the the most infective stage in Subclass Diginea. This is an encysted form that needs to reach its DH in order to complete its life cycle.
Metacercaria
Fasciola hepatica
Class Trematoda
Subclass Diginea
Family Fasciolidae
“sheep liver fluke”
DH: ruminant, human
IH: Lymnea truncata,
PS: Bile ducts, liver
DS: acute & Chronic fascioliasis
MOI: Eating metacercaria in vegetation
A fluke was found in a sheep’s bile duct upon necropsy. It has a leaf-like body, broader anteriorly than posteriorly. One prominent characteristic observed was it’s prominent broad ‘shoulders’ on its anterior end
Fasciola hepatica
An accumulation of black iron porphyrin pigment was seen in the liver, omentum, kidney of a deer. There is also intense fibrosis in the liver parenchyma and a lot of flukes was seen in its bile ducts.
Fascioloides magna
The only member of Family Fasciolidae that does not have a branched intestinal ceca.
DH, IH, PS, MOI, DS?
Fasciolopsis buski
DH: Humans, pigs, dog
IH: Planorbis spp. ; Segmentina spp.
PS: Small intestine
DS: deep ulceration of the intestinal mucosa
MOI: ingestion of metacercaria in vegetation.
Acute Fascioliasis
Traumatic hepatitis
Chronic Fascioliasis
-Hepatic fibrosis
- Thickened/ fibrotic bile duct walls
- “pipestem” appearance
Mainly parasitic in the forestomach of ruminants and the intestines. They are thick, conical, and flesh rather than flat.
Family Paramphistomatidae
Paramphistomum cervi
Family Paramphistomatidae
“rumen fluke”
DH: ruminants
IH: Bulinus, Planorbis
PS: Rumen, reticulum, duodenum (immature)
DS: Hemorrhagic duodenitis
MOI: ingestion of metacercaria in vegetation.
Difference between Fasciolidae egg and Paramphistomidae egg
Fasciolidae egg:
-Operculum on blunt end ; yellowish brown color
Paramphistomidae egg:
-operculum on sharp end
-clear to pale greenish color.
The two (1st & 2nd) common amphistome in cattle in the Philippines
1st: Fischoederius elongatus
2nd: Fischoederius cabboldi
Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus
Family Paramphistomes
DH: Horse, donkey, pig, warthog
IH: Bulinus snail (freshwater)
PS: Large and small intestine
DS: Intestinal ulceration and hemorrhage
MOI: ingestion of metacercaria from vegetation
Shape: has an anterior cylindrical part; body is saucer shaped.
Egg of Anoplocephala spp.
Round to D-shaped, thicked shelled
Pyriform apparatus: present; equal to the radius of egg
Moniezia expansa egg
Somewhat triangular,
Pyriform apparatus: present
Monieza benedeni egg
Almost cuboidlal in shape
Pyriform apparatus: present
Family Davaineidae
tapeworms of small intestines mainly of birds (poss. in mammals)
-Davainea proglottina
-Railletina spp.
only has 4-9 proglottid (microscopic cestode)
A highly pathogenic tapeworm, causing necrosis of intestinal mucosa
Davainea proglottina
(minute tapeworm/ small chicken tapeworm)
DH: chicken. turkey, pigeon
IH: slugs and land snails
PS: small intestine (duodenum)
DS: Necrosis of intestinal mucosa
Largest of the fowl tapeworm
Raillietina tetragona
Raillietina tetragona
DH: Chicken, guinea fowl
IH: Ants, Musca domestica
PS: small intestine (posterior half)
Ds: weight loss, decreased production
Raillietina echinobrothridia
DH: Chicken, turkey
IH: Ants
PS: Small intestine
DS: nodule formation at the site of attachment; hyperplastic enteritis
Most pathogenic
Prepatent period : 20 days
Raillietina cesticillus
DH: Chicken, turkey
IH: Musca domestica, beetles, cockroaches
PS: small intestine
DS: weight loss, decreased productivity
Amoebotaenia cuneata
Family Dilepidiae
DH: Chicken
IH: earthworm
PD: small intestine
DS: Weight loss, decreased production
Roughly triangular in shape
Choanotaenia infundibulum
‘saw edge’ margin
DH: Turkey, chicken
IH: Musca domestica, beetles, grasshoppers
PS: small intestine
DS: Weight loss
Dipylidium caninum
“common dog tapeworm”
Family Dilepidae
DH: dog, cat, fox, man
IH: Ctenocephalides spp. , Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis
PS: small intestine
DS: pruritis ani, pot-bellied appearance
gravid proglottids - cucumber seed shaped
Dipylidium egg capsule contains how many eggs
5-30 eggs
Hymenolepis nana
“dwarf tapeworm”
thread-like in appearance
DH: rodents, primates, man
IH: flour beetles, fleas
PS: small intestine
DS:
-Man: anorexia, abdominal pain
Rodents: retarted growth
- autoinfection (cysticercoid in intestinal vili)
Hymenlopesis diminuta
Family Hymenolepidae
DH: rodents, man
IH: fleas, beetles, moth, cockroaches, millipeds
PS: small intestine
DS: Rodents - retarded growth, weight loss.
Taenia saginata
“beef tapeworm”
- Cysticercus bovis
DH: man - Small intestine
IH: cattle, ruminants - masseter muscles, skeletal muscle
Only taenia species with no rostellum and hooks
Taenia solium
“pork tapeworm”
Cysticercus cellulosae
DH: man (small intestine)
IH: pig, wild boar (Masseter m., skeletal muscles)
DS: Neurocysticercosis
capable of Autoinfection
Scolex: 4 suckers, rostellum w/ 2 rows of hooks
Taenia hydatigena
Cysticercus tenuicollis
DH: Canids (small intestine)
IH: Sheep (Greater omentum, Messenteries, serosal surface of organs
DS: IH- Traumatic hepatitis
DS: DH - constipation, pot-bellied appearance
Taenia multiceps
Coenurus cerebralis
DH: canids (small intestine)
IH: sheep, goat (brain, spinal cord)
DS in IH: Acute meningoencephalitis
Taenia ovis
Cysticercus ovis
DH: Canids (small intestine)
IH: Goat, sheep (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle)
Taenia pisiformis
Cysticercus pisiformis
DH: Canidae (small intestine)
IH: rabbits, hares (liver, peritoneum)
Taenia taeniaformis
Cysticercus fasciolaris > Strobilocercus (after 42 days)
DH: Felidae (small intestine)
IH: rodents, hares, rabbits (liver)
Taenia serialis
Coenurus serialis
DH: canidae (small intestine)
IH: rabbit, hare (subcutaneous and muscle tissue)
Echinococcus granulosus
Hyatid cysts
DH: wild canids (SI)
IH: sheep, ungulates, man (liver, lungs)
DS in IH: hydatidosis, anaphylactic shock
Egg of Taenidae
3 rows pairs of hooks
Embryophore has a radiated appearance
A tapeworm of 1 m was obtained from a polar bear. It is yellow-gray in color w/ dark central markings in the proglottids. When viewed microscopically, the dark central markings reveals to be a rosette-shaped uterus.
Subclass cotyloda
Diphylobothrium latum
“broad fish tapeworm”
DH: man, dog, cat, polar bear, dolphin (small intestine)
IH 1: Copepods (procercoid)
IH 2: Fresh/ marine fishes (muscle, visceral organs)
DS: vit b12 deficiency
- bothria
Spirometra mansoni
Subclass Cotyloda
“zipper tapeworm”
DH: Dog, cat, wild carnivores
- small intestine (adult)
- Muscles and SC (plerocercoid)
IH 1: copepods (Cyclops)
IH 2: Amphibians, reptiles (Muscles)
DS (man): sparganosis
- central “spiral/lobed uterus”
The metacercaria of this parasite enters the brain of the ant (Formica) and controls the ant to attach to herbage overnight, making them available to grazing animals in early morning.
Family Dicrocoelidae
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
“lancet liver fluke”
DH: ruminant, pig, dog
IH 1: Snails - planorbis (produces “slime-balls”
IH 2: ant (Formica)
PS: Bile duct, Liver
DS: liver cirrhosis
- no radial stage
Platynosomum fastosum
Family Dicrocoelidae
DH: cats
IH 1: snails (Sublima)
IH2: Lizard, isopod
Ps: bile duct, liver
DS: hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, hepatomegaly
Eurytrema pancreaticum
Family Dicrocoelidae
DH: ruminants
IH 1 : snail (bradybaenia, Cathaica)
IH 2 : Grasshopper, cricket
PS: Pancreatic duct
DS: catarrhal inflammation of pancreatic duct
specific gravity for Nematode and cestode eggs
1.10 - 1.20
Specific gravity of Trematode eggs
1.30 - 1.35
A qualitative test for the detection of nematode and cestode eggs in the feces
Simple flotation technique
A quantitative technique used to determine the estimate worm burdens by counting the number of eggs or larvae per gram of feces
McMaster counting method
Multiply total egg/larvae in both chambers by 60
stand for 5 min and view under 10x objective
Used to isolate lungworm larvae from fecal samples, or to isolate infective larvae from fecal cultures.
Baermann method
