Trematode Powerpoint Flashcards
2 class of Platyhelminthes are parasitic__and__
Trematoda and Cestoda
What are 6 typical characteristics of Platyhelminthes?
- flatowrms
- triploblastic
- incomplete or no gut
- bilaterally symmetrical
- acoelomate
- cephalized
___is the outermost covering of Trematodes body
Tegument
The outter portion of the trematodes tegument is called__.
It is covered by cell membrane on the surface, extends inside basal lamina
Distal Cytoplasm
What are the functions of the glycocalyx? (3 major)
- attachment to host
- protection from antibodies and digestive enzymes
- uptake and storage of vital molecules from enviornment
The __is the inner zone of Trematodes tegument and is connected to distal region by cytoplasmic pores
Proximal cytoplasm
The___of the tegument of trematodes contains nuclei, cell organelles like the ER, golgi body, mitochondria, etc. is responsible for teguments maintenance
Proximal cytoplasm
What are the 5 functions of the trematodes tegument?
- protection
- nutrient absorption
- synthesis and secretion of various nutrients
- excretion and osmoregulation
- sensory role
Name the 2 suckers of Trematodes
- Anterior oral sucker surrounding mouth
- Ventral sucker (acetabulum) ventral surface
The male organs of Trematodes tend to mature first and produce sperm that are stored until needed; this is called____
protandryorandrogyny
In a few free-living species of Trematodes, the ovary matures first;this is called ___
protogyny or gyandry
The pathway of sperm in Trematodes is___
Testis (paired, exception Schistosoma (4-9) -> Vas efferens ->Vas deferens -> Cirrus sac (with seminal vesicle and prostate gland) ->cirrus (male copulatory organ)
What is the function of Vitelline glands in Trematodes?
Egg-shell and yolk production
____is the chamber where eggs are formed in trematodes
Ootype
___is the gland that creates uterus lubricant for egg passage
Mehlis gland
___a long convoluted tube through which shelled eggs passes to the outside via the genital pore
uterus
The muscular, distal portion of the uterus is called ____: helps propel the eggs out of the uterus. ___ also serves in copulation
Metraterm
Trematode eggs are typically have, on one end, a lid-like structure called the ____ or cap (see red arrow), which allows the miracidium to hatch (Exception: Schistosoma)
operculum
Rediae give rise to a tailed larva
Cercaria
Water is necessary for further development and after reaching an aquatic environment, the egg completes the rest of the development and a free-swimming ciliated ___emerges
Miracidium
In schistosomes, cercaria penetrate the definitive host directly and lacks the
metacercaria stage
___ is where some larval parasites secrete chemicals that inhibit the development of the snail reproductive system
Parasitic castration
Describe Miracidium (5 things)
- tiny
- elongated
- ciliated
- apical end has retractable nonciliated apical papilla with 3 secretory glands
- ciliated epidermis
Describe Sporocysts (3 things)
- Develop from miracidium in intermediate host (snail)
- From miracidium dissapearance of all structures but protonephridia
- No mouth or digestive system
Describe Redia
- have 1 or more stumpy appendages, procrusculi, ambulatory buds
- move within host
- functional digestive system
- Cercaria leave redia through birth pore near pharynx
Describe Cercariae (5 things)
- most have tails for swimming
- actively seek next host or vegetation
- this represents juvenile of adult trematode
- have mouth, oral sucker
- ventral sucker
- also has genital primordium which becomes male and female reproductive system
