Cestode General

Question 1

What are 5 differences between Trematodes and Cestodes?

Answer 1

1. Cestodes have a flat tape-like or ribbon like body
2. Cestodes body is made up of hermphroditic segments called PROGLOTTIDS, the whole chain begin called a strobila
3. Lack a mouth and digestive tract
4. Theyy are exclusively endoparisitic in vertebrate’s gut
5. Their larvae infect both vertebrates and invertebrates

Question 2

Cestodes with many proglottids are called___

Answer 2

Polyzoic (true tapeworm)

Question 3

Cestodes with 1 set of reproductive organs are called

Answer 3

Monozoic (rare)

Question 4

Cestodes consist of 3 regions:

Answer 4

Scolex, neck, and strobila

Question 5

___and___ are the two types of suckers present on scolices of human tapeworms

Answer 5

Aceetabulate Bothraite

Question 6

Describe acetabulate type of suckers of tapeworms

Answer 6

• cup shaped
• heavy muscular wall
• 4 muscular suction cups sunk into the equatorial surface of the scolex
• hooks that help anchor to host gut wall called armed

Question 7

___is the small rounded projection bearing hooks on apex of scolex of tapeworms

Answer 7

Rastellum

Question 8

Describe bothraite type of suckers on scolex of tapeworms

Answer 8

• characterized by presence of 2 (rarely 4 to 6) longitudinally arranged, shallow grooves
• WEAK suction power called bothria

Question 9

On the tapeworm, from what zone of its body are new segments, or PROTOGLOTTIDS differentiated?

Answer 9

NECK

Question 10

What does it mean to be acoelomate

Answer 10

the space between the body wall and the internal organs is filled with connective tissue and muscle fibers called parenchyma

Question 11

____is the release of gravid proglottids from the host

Answer 11

Apolysis

Question 12

____is the small rounded projection bearing hooks on the apex of the scolex of some tapeworms. The presence, #, size, and shape of hooks are also of taxonomic importance

Answer 12

Rostellum

Question 13

As each proglottid moves posteriorly, its sexual reproductive system

Answer 13

matures progressively

Question 14

Strobila is grouped into 3 regions based on such progressive maturity of the reproductive system

Answer 14

Immature
Mature
Gravid

Question 15

Gravid proglottids are filled with____

Answer 15

eggs or shelled embryos

Question 16

When gravid proglottids reach the end of the strobila and detach and pass out of host intact with feces it is known as___

Answer 16

Apolytic

Question 17

When gravid proglottids reach end of strobila and disintegrate in route, releasing the eggs and again discharged to exterior in feces it is known as___

Answer 17

Anapolytic

Question 18

Tegument is covered by minute projections called ___ that project outwards. They vary a/c to species and location on the strobila

Answer 18

microtriches, single is microthrix

Question 19

What is the function of microtriches (single microthrix)

Answer 19

• agitate wall of intestines, increase accesibility to nutrients
• apical tips help provide resistance to peristaltic movement of intestine

Question 20

Tegument of Cestodes have 2 cytoplasmic regions__and__

Answer 20

distal and proximal regions

Question 21

Distal cytoplasm of cestode functions in ___

Answer 21

• containing abundant vesicles and electron dense bodies

- numerous mitochondria

Question 22

Proximal cytoplasm of cestodes functions in_

Answer 22

containing all major cell organelles

Question 23

What is the function of glycocalyx for cestodes?

Answer 23

It protects the worm from the host’s digestive enzymes and enhances nutrient absorption

Question 24

Between distal cytoplasm and proximal cytoplasmic region, is the___. This consists of outer circular muscles and the inner longitudinal muscles

Answer 24

tegumental musculature

Question 25

Cestodes are monoecious or hermaphroditic. What are 3 ways that Cestodes reproductive system differs from that of Trematodes?

Answer 25

They differ from trematodes in that:

(1) the uterus meets with a dead-end
(2) separate vaginal canal is present
(3) self fertilization involving the sexual structures of a single proglottid may occur

Question 26

In male cestodes the pathway of sperm is___ (4 things)

Answer 26

Testes-> vas efferens -> vas defferens -> cirrus

Question 27

___may form compact body or consist of numerous follicles & help in egg shell and yolk formation

Answer 27

Vitellaria

Question 28

Sperms are stored in an enlargement of the vagina,

Answer 28

Seminal receptacle

Question 29

Egg morphology is important for identifying cestode species. The embryonic membranes serve as protective coverings of the embryo, which is called an ___

Answer 29

oncosphere

Question 30

Describe the oncosphere of cestode embryos

Answer 30

Oncosphere contains 6 elongated hooks, its encased in an inner envelope
that in turn is encased by another membrane, the embryophore.
An outer envelope lies between the embryophore and the outermost covering called the shell or capsule.

Question 31

___eggs are morphologically & developmentally similar to trematode eggs.
They have a thick, quinone-tanned shell, with a lid-like operculum
Numerous vitelline cells provide nourishment for the zygote.
Zygote develops into an oncosphere- it’s covered by a ciliated embryophore that helps in swimming upon hatching.

Answer 31

Pseudophyllidean eggs

Question 32

Example of seudophyllidean eggs is___

Answer 32

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 33

___eggs have a thin shell and a nonciliated embryophore, but a thick outer envelope
Very few vitelline cells are associated with the zygote

Answer 33

Dipylidium eggs

Question 34

Example of Dipylidium eggs found in genera___

Answer 34

dipylidium and Hymenolepsis

Question 35

__eggs have no shell or outer envelope and have very little vitelline cells

The thick, nonciliated embryophore makes up the outermost covering

Answer 35

Taeniidae

Question 36

These two genera contain Taeniidae eggs

Answer 36

., Echinococcus and Taenia

Question 37

Human tapeworms show 2 fundamental life cycle patterns, one is typical of order _____, the other of order ___

Answer 37

Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea

Question 38

What stage of Cestode is infectious to humans?

Answer 38

plerocercoid