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PAT Review > trees and forests > Flashcards

trees and forests Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four layers of the forest

A

forest floor
shrubbery
under story
canopy

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2
Q

describe the forest floor

A

its dark and damp and only plants that don’t need much light live there there is also fungus and bacteria

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3
Q

describe the shrubbery

A

is were you find wild flowers and its were deer and skunks find there food

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4
Q

describe the under story

A

small trees large bushes and trunks are and provides animal shelter

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5
Q

what is the canopy

A

captures 90% of light and were photosynthesis occurs and you will find the flying animals

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6
Q

what is a habitat

A

were a organism lives

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7
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

a living community that depends on each member and its surrounding environment

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8
Q

what are the three categories of living things in a forest

A

producers consumers and decomposers

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9
Q

what is a producer

A

they produce there own food from energy from the sun

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10
Q

what is. a consumer

A

living things that eat producers to live

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11
Q

what are decomposers

A

decomposers feed of dead animals and plants

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12
Q

what are the three types of consumers

A

herbivore
omnivore
carnivore

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13
Q

what is a herbivore

A

a animal that only eats plants and shrubs

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14
Q

what is a omnivore

A

a omnivore is a animal that eats both meat and plants

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15
Q

what is a carnivore

A

a animal that only eats meat

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16
Q

the process of making food in green plants is called

A

photosynthesis

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17
Q

what two words does photosynthesis come from and what do they mean

A 
photo = light 
synthesis = putting things together
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18
Q

where does the light energy come from photosynthesis

A

the sun

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19
Q

the tiny openings of the bottom of leaves are called

A

stomata

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20
Q

what part of the plant takes in water

A

roots

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21
Q

when the stomata realeses water vapour it is called

A

transpiration

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22
Q

what are the nine parts of a trees

A

roots, trunk, leaves, crown, outer bark, phloem, xylem, cambium, heartwood,

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23
Q

what is the purpose of roots

A

the roots help the tree to get nutrients and water and keeps the tree or plant to stay up

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24
Q

what does the trunk do

A

it transports nutrients up and down the tree

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25
Q

that does the crown consist of

A

leaves, branches

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26
Q

what are the food factors of the tree

A

the leaves

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27
Q

what is chlorophyll

A

it is the green colour that traps energy from the sun to us for photosynthesis

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28
Q

what two parts does the bark consist of

A

inner and outer bark

29
Q

what is the purpose of the outer bark

A

to protect the soft skin under neath

30
Q

what is the purpose of the phloem

A

it is the food supply line

31
Q

what is the cambium

A

is a thin layer of growing tissue that produces new cells that become either xylem phloem or more cambium

32
Q

what is a xylem

A

it brings water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves

33
Q

what is the heart wood

A

it supports the tree and stores the dead xylem cells

34
Q

what does perennial

A

a last that grows every year

35
Q

what does conferrer does

A

there trees that have needle shaped leaves that stay green all year around

36
Q

what is a deciduous

A

they shed there leaves before the cold season

37
Q

what is a tree cookie

A

it is that inner rings of the tree

38
Q

if there are black spots in a tree cookie what does that mean

A

infestation

39
Q

how can competition affect a tree cookie

A

the rings are going to be smaller than other areas

40
Q

how can you tell that a trees has been on a slope

A

the rings in a tree cookie are in crooked

41
Q

how can you tell that there has been a fire in the forest

A

the rings have been burnt

42
Q

how can you tell there has been a drought

A

the ring are close together

43
Q

what is a native tree

A

a tree that naturally grows in a area

44
Q

describe a white birch tree

A

small to medium typed tree with many stems and smooth light bark and round shaped leaves fine tooth margin.

45
Q

what are the two types of poplars

A

balsam and aspen

46
Q

what are poplar trees used for

A

paper and firewood

47
Q

what is another name for the aspen polar

A

the white poplar

48
Q

what are the shapes of the leaves of the aspen poplar

A

heart shaped with long flat stokes

49
Q

what is another name for the balsam poplar

A

black poplar

50
Q

what are the shapes of the leaves of the balsam poplar

A

oval or wedge shaped with fine toothed margins

51
Q

describe spruce trees

A

they are coniferous with narrow crowns

52
Q

what tree is found in all regions in Alberta

A

white spruce

53
Q

what coniferous tree grows well in wetland areas

A

black spruce

54
Q

pine trees are most commonly used for

A

ply wood, panelling, and furniture

55
Q

what are the first trees to grow back after a forest fire

A

pine trees

56
Q

what kind of forest can you find the jack pine

A

boreal forest

57
Q

what pine tree. is used for lodges and poles for power lines

A

lodge pole pine

58
Q

what is a cultivated tree

A

a tree that does not naturally grow from places

59
Q

what are the 5 types of overall tree shapes

A
  1. rectangular shape
  2. spreading
  3. circle shape
  4. oval
  5. triangle or cone shape
60
Q

what are the 4 branching patterns

A

whorled, opposite, alternate, or spiral arrangement

61
Q

what is the meaning of excurrent branches

A

means the trees branches go all the way up the trunk

62
Q

what is a columnar pattern

A

is one where the branches are all clustered at the top of the trunk.

63
Q

what is a decurrent pattern

A

the trunk is split to form two or three main branches

64
Q

what is dendrochronology

A

is the study of tree disks

65
Q

the study of trees can tell people things about the

A

history of the area surrounding the tree

66
Q

springwood is lighter in colour than

A

summerwood

67
Q

what is a bud

A

is the bump found on branches and twigs of a tree

68
Q

how do know the age of a tree branch

A

the scars on the tree branch

PAT Review (6 decks)

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