trees and forests Flashcards
what are the four layers of the forest
forest floor
shrubbery
under story
canopy
describe the forest floor
its dark and damp and only plants that don’t need much light live there there is also fungus and bacteria
describe the shrubbery
is were you find wild flowers and its were deer and skunks find there food
describe the under story
small trees large bushes and trunks are and provides animal shelter
what is the canopy
captures 90% of light and were photosynthesis occurs and you will find the flying animals
what is a habitat
were a organism lives
what is an ecosystem
a living community that depends on each member and its surrounding environment
what are the three categories of living things in a forest
producers consumers and decomposers
what is a producer
they produce there own food from energy from the sun
what is. a consumer
living things that eat producers to live
what are decomposers
decomposers feed of dead animals and plants
what are the three types of consumers
herbivore
omnivore
carnivore
what is a herbivore
a animal that only eats plants and shrubs
what is a omnivore
a omnivore is a animal that eats both meat and plants
what is a carnivore
a animal that only eats meat
the process of making food in green plants is called
photosynthesis
what two words does photosynthesis come from and what do they mean
photo = light synthesis = putting things together
where does the light energy come from photosynthesis
the sun
the tiny openings of the bottom of leaves are called
stomata
what part of the plant takes in water
roots
when the stomata realeses water vapour it is called
transpiration
what are the nine parts of a trees
roots, trunk, leaves, crown, outer bark, phloem, xylem, cambium, heartwood,
what is the purpose of roots
the roots help the tree to get nutrients and water and keeps the tree or plant to stay up
what does the trunk do
it transports nutrients up and down the tree
that does the crown consist of
leaves, branches
what are the food factors of the tree
the leaves
what is chlorophyll
it is the green colour that traps energy from the sun to us for photosynthesis
what two parts does the bark consist of
inner and outer bark
what is the purpose of the outer bark
to protect the soft skin under neath
what is the purpose of the phloem
it is the food supply line
what is the cambium
is a thin layer of growing tissue that produces new cells that become either xylem phloem or more cambium
what is a xylem
it brings water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves
what is the heart wood
it supports the tree and stores the dead xylem cells
what does perennial
a last that grows every year
what does conferrer does
there trees that have needle shaped leaves that stay green all year around
what is a deciduous
they shed there leaves before the cold season
what is a tree cookie
it is that inner rings of the tree
if there are black spots in a tree cookie what does that mean
infestation
how can competition affect a tree cookie
the rings are going to be smaller than other areas
how can you tell that a trees has been on a slope
the rings in a tree cookie are in crooked
how can you tell that there has been a fire in the forest
the rings have been burnt
how can you tell there has been a drought
the ring are close together
what is a native tree
a tree that naturally grows in a area
describe a white birch tree
small to medium typed tree with many stems and smooth light bark and round shaped leaves fine tooth margin.
what are the two types of poplars
balsam and aspen
what are poplar trees used for
paper and firewood
what is another name for the aspen polar
the white poplar
what are the shapes of the leaves of the aspen poplar
heart shaped with long flat stokes
what is another name for the balsam poplar
black poplar
what are the shapes of the leaves of the balsam poplar
oval or wedge shaped with fine toothed margins
describe spruce trees
they are coniferous with narrow crowns
what tree is found in all regions in Alberta
white spruce
what coniferous tree grows well in wetland areas
black spruce
pine trees are most commonly used for
ply wood, panelling, and furniture
what are the first trees to grow back after a forest fire
pine trees
what kind of forest can you find the jack pine
boreal forest
what pine tree. is used for lodges and poles for power lines
lodge pole pine
what is a cultivated tree
a tree that does not naturally grow from places
what are the 5 types of overall tree shapes
- rectangular shape
- spreading
- circle shape
- oval
- triangle or cone shape
what are the 4 branching patterns
whorled, opposite, alternate, or spiral arrangement
what is the meaning of excurrent branches
means the trees branches go all the way up the trunk
what is a columnar pattern
is one where the branches are all clustered at the top of the trunk.
what is a decurrent pattern
the trunk is split to form two or three main branches
what is dendrochronology
is the study of tree disks
the study of trees can tell people things about the
history of the area surrounding the tree
springwood is lighter in colour than
summerwood
what is a bud
is the bump found on branches and twigs of a tree
how do know the age of a tree branch
the scars on the tree branch
