Treaty Of Versailles + LON Flashcards
Wilson’s Ideas
- Don’t be harsh (may seek revenge)
- Democracy in defeated countries
- Self-determination
- International co-operation
Fourteen Points
- No secret treaties
- Disarmament
- France to regain Alsace-Lorraine
- LON
- Self-determination in eastern Europe
- Free trade
Paris Peace Conference
- @Palace of Versailles
- 12 months
- 5 treaties
- The Big Three (Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd)
- No defeated nations representatives invited
Lloyd’s Ideas
- Don’t be too harsh
- Wanted Germany as a trade partner
- Germany loses its territories and navy
Clemenceau’s Ideas
- Harsh treaty to please his people
- Crippled enough to never threaten them again
Terms of TOV
- War Guilt
- Reparations (6,600 million Pounds)
- Territories & Colonies
- Armed forces
- LON
Territories & Colonies
- Upper Silesia to Poland
- Alsace Lorraine to France
- Rhineland demilitarised
- Saarland under LON
- Danzig run by LON
- Former colonies became mandates
Armed forces
- 100,000 men
- Conscription banned
- 6 battleships
- No submarines, aircrafts
- Rhineland demilitirized
Consequences of treaty
- Kapp Putsch (right wing)
- Munich Putsch (Hitler)
- Ruhr occupation
- Hyperinflation
Reasons for opposition of the League in USA
- Some Americans hated the TOV
- Didn’t want to involve US soldiers in wars
- American trade would suffer by sanctions
- Anti-empires & didn’t wanna help F&B
Aims of the LON
- Discourage aggression
- Encourage cooperation
- Disarmament
- Improve working/living conditions
Organisation of the League
Council
Assembly
Permanent Court of International Justice
Secretariat
ILO
Commisions
Council
- B,F,J,I +temp members
-Met 5 times a year - Veto power
- Had powers:
Moral condemnation
Economic sanctions
Volunteer military forces
Assembly
- Every country had a representative
- Recommend action to council
- Met once a year
- Unanimous
Commisions
- Mandates
- Refugees
- Slavery
- Health
Reasons for U.S entry into WW1
- German U-boat sunk the British
passenger ship Lusitania off the coast of Ireland- Americans killed - Germany sent a telegram to Mexico suggesting that if the US should declare war on Germany, Mexico should declare war on the US In return- intercepted by the British and hurriedly given to the Americans.
Treaty Of St.Germain
- Austria
- Separated Austria from Hungary
- Lost land to Poland and Italy
- Bosnia given to Yugoslavia
- Forbidden to unite w/ Germany
- 30,000 men army
Treaty of Neuilly
- Bulgaria
- Lost access to Meditteranean
- Lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece
- 200,000 men army
- 100 million reparations
Treaty of Neuilly
- Bulgaria
- Lost access to Meditteranean
- Lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece
- 20,000 men army
- 100 million reparations
Treaty of Trianon
- Hungary
- Transfer of territories to Romania, Yugoslavia
- 3 milllion Hungarians lost
- Loss of raw materials and population
Treaty of Sevres
- Turkey
- Tax, finance, budget to be controlled
- No air force
- Army restricted
- 50,000 men army
What happened due to the Treaty of Sevres
- Mustafa Kamal held revolt
- Drove greeks out of smyrna
- Forced french to negotiate
- Treaty of Lausanne
Aaland dispute
Finland and Sweden
League said it should be Finlands
Success
Upper Silesia
Plebiscite divided region between Germany and Poland
Vilna
Lithuania asked for help after poland invaded
they did not pull out
Failure
Corfu
Greece and Albania
Italian general killed while in greek territory
Mussolini occupies island
Ordered Greece to apologise and pay compensations
Bulgaria
Greece invades Bulgaria
Bulgaria approaches League
Investigation done
Greek soldiers leave & pay compensation
Washington Conference
USA, B, F, J agreed to limit size of navies
Rapallo Treaty
USSR & Germany re-established diplomatic relations
Dawes Plan
USA lent money to pay reparations
Locarno
Germany accepted Western borders
Paved its way into joining LON
Kellogg-briand
Agreed to no force to settle disputes
Young Plan
Lower reparations to be paid
Manchurian crisis
Small attack
Japans invades Manchuria
Sets up Manchukuo
Long delay, no action taken
Invaded again after report
Japan left the LON
League was weak, ineffective
Abyssnian crisis
Italy invades Abbysnia
League couldn’t decide anything
Britain and France tried making a secret deal
Powerless and irrelevant
Saar plebbiscite
Plebsicite bw lon & g
chose Germany
Axis
G, I, J
Anschullus
Mussolini wasn’t there to stop him this time
Kapp Putcsh
Right wing opponents
General strike
Wolfgang Kapp
Paralysed essentials
Ruhr occupation
Second instalment not paid
France and Belgium invaded
Took raw materials and goods
Legal under TOV
Went strike
How was the treaty fair
Brest-Litovsk was worse (Russia)
Self inflicted economic issues (Kaiser didn’t raise taxes during war)
Rules of LON
Major countries would join
Disarm
Take all disputes to League
Protect if invaded
Stop trading with aggresor
Why were Britain and France not good enough to take this role
Weakened by First war
Not major power
No resources to fill USA gap
Secretariat
Civil service
Records of meetings
Prepared reports
Brought experts together
Permanent Court of International Justice
Judges of member countries
Based in Hague
Settled disputes
Border disputes
No way of making sure countries followed rulings
ILO
Employers, governments, workers representatives
Improve working conditions
Statistics, information
Persuading countries to listen
League Failures
Corfu
League Success
Bulgaria
LON Refugees
Stamped out cholera, smallpox in camps
Short on funds
400,000 prisoners returned home
Turkish refugees housed
LON Working conditions
Banned poisonous white lead from paint
Limited working hours
Lack of funds and power
48 hour work weeks
LON Health
Sponsored research
Turned into WHO
Developed vaccines to fight malaria
Most successful
LON Slavery
200,000 slaves in Sierra Leone
Death rate among slaves from 50%-4%
Raids against slave owners and traders
LON Economic Recovery
-Dawes plan loan helped majorly
-Countries were encouraged to trade which also reduced fights
Disarmament Conference
Germany was the only country that disarmed
League couldn’t get other countries to disarm
Germany left the League
How did the Depression affect Germany
US loans dried up
Businesses went bankrupt
Tarrifs placed on imports (retaliation)
Countries started to arm
USA unwilling to impose sanctions
The Hoare Laval pact
Britain and France hatching a plan
2/3 of Abyssinia in return for calling off his invasion
Plans were leaked
No oil sanctions
