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Life in Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Small businesses

A

Passed laws to ban new department stores/restrict growth
Competing Jewish businesses were shut down
Rearmament brought business
communist threat eliminated

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1
Q

Farmers

A

Pro-farmer propoganda
Debts were written off
Food prices rose=farmers benefitted
Reich Food estate: guaranteed market
Reich Entailed Farm law:banks couldn’t seize the land
‘Blood and soil’- backbone of Germany
eldest child inherited land- rural depopulation

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2
Q

Big businesses

A

Massive rearmament program
Destruction of trade unions/strikes
Value+ Profits rose
Industries produced what they wanted

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3
Q

Unskilled workers

A

Received unemployment benefits under the government programs
Work scheme wages were lower than the benefits
Allowed people to earn for their family
Provided cheap housing

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4
Q

Working class (DAF)

A

Deutsche Arbeitfront
Organizations that controlled the workers
Building new autobahns, schools, etc.
Settled disputes
1. ‘Beauty of Labour’- good working conditions
2. ‘Strength through Joy’- leisure time activities

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5
Q

RAD (Reich Labour Service)

A

18-25 year olds
Six months work service
Manual labour
Poorly paid
Indoctrinate young adults

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6
Q

Aims of the New Plan

A
  1. Reduce unemployment
  2. Build up arms, rearm, enlarge navy
  3. Economically self-sufficient
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7
Q

1933 Difficulties

A
  1. Trade collapsed due to the Depression so goods couldn’t be exported
  2. Couldn’t afford imports
  3. Ran out of raw materials
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8
Q

How ‘The New Plan’ worked?

A
  1. Limited imports
  2. Trade agreements with individual countries for raw materials
  3. Government spending
  4. Reduced unemployment
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9
Q

How did the New Plan reduce unemployment

A
  • Replaced Jews and political opponents
  • Work creation projects
  • Compulsory labour service
  • Conscription
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10
Q

Was TNP successful?

A

Solved the crises
Could rearm forces
Hitler wanted to rearm more
Schacht out of power

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11
Q

The Four Year Plan aim

A

‘Autarky’- self sufficient in materials essential for war (rubber, oil, steel etc.)

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12
Q

How TFYP worked

A
  1. Increased production of materials needed for rearmament
  2. Persuade big businesses to produce key synthetic materials
  3. Reduce imports
  4. Tighten controls on wages and prices
  5. Use forced labor
  6. Build huge industrial plants (mining)
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13
Q

Was TFYP successful

A

1/3 of its materials were still imports
Arms> agriculture
Only way was to conquer

  • Debt increased
  • Negative balance of trade
  • Decreased food consumption (rationing)
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14
Q

Was TFYP successful

A

1/3 of its materials were still imports
Arms> agriculture
The only way was to conquer

  • Debt increased
  • Negative balance of trade
  • Decreased food consumption (rationing)
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15
Q

Hitler Youth

A

-Forced to join by 1936
-‘League of German Maidens’
- Physical training
- Propoganda movies/ songs
- Money from collections were used to buy arms

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16
Q

Nazi schools

A
  1. Extreme PE
  2. History- evils of communism & jews
  3. Bio- classify racial types
  4. German- learned abt heroes
  5. Geo-stolen land and Lebensraum
  6. Domestic science for girls (picking the perfect partner for pure offsprings)
  7. Later Jews were banned
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17
Q

Leadership Schools

A
  • Napolas (ss educated future cheifs)
  • Adolf Hitler Schools (military style education)
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18
Q

Women in Nazi Germany (1933)

A
  1. Banned from positions of leadership
  2. Forced to have babies
    - propaganda
    - loans for women who don’t take a job
    - encouraged to stop smoking for better fertility
    - mothercraft/homecraft classes
    - ‘Honour Cross of the German mother’
  3. Ideal Aryan look
  4. Cooked in a specific way
  5. Dressed in substitute materials
19
Q

Women in Nazi Germany (1937)

A

Men were getting into contraception
compulsory ‘Duty year’ but no pay
Abolished marriage loans
Low wages& poor working conditions
Lebensborn (donate pure babies)
Divorce law
Women labour was cheaper, sometimes high wages

20
Q

1939-41

A

Food rationing (good but monotonous)
Clothes rationing
Hot water/soap rationing (everywhere stunk)
Exchanged goods for tobacco
After success, luxury goods & food got imported (sold on the black market)

21
Q

1941-43

A

USSR winning
Heart of the army lost
Used propaganda to keep morale

22
Q

1943-44

A

Anything that didn’t contribute to the war effort was shut down
Exchange centers for furniture to clothing
Propoganda film- Kolberg
Labor shortages- Women in the work force
Jews, political prisoners all forced to work
Number of doctors fell from 1/10,000
More frequent air raids- evacuation
Working hours increased up to 50 hrs/week,

22
Q

1944-45

A

One final effort:
All workers to go into armaments factories
Railway & postal services reduced to save fuel
Places of entertainment (except cinemas) shut
Age limit for women working now 50
Home guard marched with weapons
Necessities nought on the black market

23
Q

1945

A

Northeim was relieved of the invasion
Tried to prove they opposed the occupation of Jews
Hitler, Nazi leaders committed suicide

24
Q

Women during war

A

Confusing and chaotic
Made to work as servers, Red cross work
Also forced to have kids, despite being unmarried

25
Q

Youth during the war

A

Leaders of Hitler Youth sent for war
Hitler Youth head by teenagers
Most kids joined gangs ‘Edelweiss Pirates’/’Swing Youth’
In 1943, the conscription age was changed to 17 till 12

26
Q

Swing Youth

A

Middle-class people that wanted to dance and listen to swing music
Cafés and night clubs
English style clothes, makeup, Jews
Sent to concentration camps
White jazz& Black dance-band

27
Q

Edelweiss Pirates

A

Hikes, singing, dancing, hoped to beat up Hitler Youth patrols
Sheltered escapers and deserters
Attacked military targets/ officers
Killed the head of Cologne Gestapo

28
Q

White Rose

A

Led by Munich students
Urged germans not to help with the war effort
Leaflets attacking German’s slaughter of Jews and poles
Most leaders were executed

29
Q

Bonhoeffer

A

Published his views against the Nazis
Gathered proof of Nazi crimes
Abwehr ‘Operation 7’- Jews escape
Sent to concentration camp
Continued preaching for God

30
Q

July Bomb Plot 1944

A

Within the ranks of the army
Suffering of the army & brutality of SS pushed him to plot
Operation Valkyrie- Hitler didn’t pick up the briefcase
Throughout July, plan failed 4 times
Hitler got saved by the briefcase being moved
No troops were mobilised/ no networks seized

31
Q

Holocaust

A

Jewish reservation in ghetto towns Poland
Starvation rations, cold, disease typhus
Einsatzgruppen killed any Jew they could see
Forced to wear yellow star
Death camps built far away- gassed/worked to death
Gas chambers- Zyklon B
Medical experiments

32
Q

National Community/ Volksgemeinschaft

A

Germans seen as germans
First loyalty to Germany and Fuhrer
Benefits of nazi control made them more willling

33
Q

German war economy

A

Short on raw materials
Imported them from captured territories (20% of Norways production)
Production shifted to armaments
Big companies produced chemicals, explosives, gas
Production hampered by bombing

34
Q

Bombing of Dresden

A

35,000-150,000
Cripple German industry
Lower civilians morale
Under Arthur ‘Bomber’ Harris
Terrorize into submission
3 months later, war ended

35
Q

Resistance

A

Armed uprisings in 5 concentration camps
28 known Jewish fighter groups
Warsaw ghetto 4 week fight
Swedish and US passports handed
Church leaders (Galen) protests

36
Q

Responsibility

A

People- widespread anti-semitism
Businesses- slave labour camps
SS- transported, looting, killing
Civil service bureaucracy- info abt jews

37
Q

Why was there not more opposition

A
  1. Terror (SS, Gestapo)
  2. Hitler (godlike figure)
  3. Divided opposition (never joined forces)
  4. Approval (stability & prosperity)
  5. Propaganda/ censorship (kept their plans a secret when they saw ppl didn’t like it)
38
Q

Impact on German economy​

A

Germany had been preparing for war for years.​

Wages were reduced and overtime payments banned

Working conditions remained the same between 1939 and 1943.​

Holidays were limited

Working hours increased up to 50 hours per week

Food and consumer products were rationed.

39
Q

Impact on Social Life​

A

Non-essential businesses were closed​

Exchange centres were opened where people could swap clothes and furniture​

Cities were inundated with refugees​

To save fuel, railway and postal services were reduced and all letter boxes were closed​

All forms of entertainment, like opera houses, music halls etc were shut down.

Atmosphere of dullness, fear and monotony. ‘Soulless exixtence’

40
Q

Impact on Women ​

A

Initially forbidden from joining the workforce, in keeping with Nazi ideologies​

Were encouraged to aid the war effort through supporting activities organised by the National Socialist Women’s League​

Enhanced welfare benefits given to families whose men had conscripted​

By 1943, women were required to work​

By 1945, the age limit for working women went up from 45 to 50​

By May 1945, there were over 500,000 women working in Auxilliary Military Roles​

41
Q

Impact on the Youth​

A

In 1939, membership of the Hitler Youth became compulsory, with increased emphasis on military training​

In 1943, the conscription age was changed to 17 and even 12 year olds were being conscripted!​

Nazi ideology became less and less attractive to the youth​

Opposition groups like the Edelweiss Pirates, the Swing Youth and the White Rose group gained popularity

42
Q

(4m) Increased Opposition​

A

Jews began underground movements to resist the Nazis​

The Church renewed its objections

Army deserters increased in number​

Many attempts were made to assassinate Hitler. (The July Bomb Plot, 1944 – Operation Valkyrie

43
Q

Impact of Allied bombing​

A

British had tried to target their bombing raids on industrial and military targets.​

‘area bombing’ – targeting large industrial cities with explosive bombs and not distinguishing between military and civilian targets.

61 German cities, with a combined population of 25 million, were attacked

The raids affected the morale of the German population and also adversely impacted industrial production.

44
Q

Impact on Governance​

A

Hitler made fewer and fewer public appearances and Goebbles broadcasted old speeches repeatedly. ​

Diverted all industries towards the war effort​

Nazi administration could not cope with the large-scale destruction, leading to chaos​

By early 1945, ration cards were no longer honoured. People had to resort to black marketing or scavenging​

As Allied troops advanced, leaders abandoned their towns or handed it over without resistance

45
Q

How did Nazis get population to increase

A

Banned abortion and contraception for Aryan women
Awarded loans of 1000 marks (could keep 25% per child)
Awarded medals
Exclude from jobs, universities

History (6 decks)

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