Treaty of Versailles Flashcards
What were Britains strengths?
-strong navy
- professional army
-major colonial empire
-strong trade links
what were Britains weaknesses?
-economy weakened in WW1
-equipment lost
- wanted to concentrate on building trade and control
France: weaknesses?
- lost 1 million soldiers in WW1 - army weak
- France’s economy weak
- worried about Germany
France: strength?
- professional land army
- colonial empire
- was major power
what and why were the motives of France
- France to gain land- Alsace Lorraine is rich in coal (rebuilding)
- Revenge- Germans invaded 2 times causing lots of destruction
- Germany to lose power- Germany lost power they wouldn’t attack
-keep their empires- Money
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why was D.L. George not satisfied with the terms of T.O.V
- League of Nations- Britain wanted to focus on trade not act on international policemen
- Amount of reparations - it would have affected their German economy due to the amount of repairation and they wanted to trade
what political problems were caused because of WW1
- collapse of Russian empire- Russia becomes communist
-collapse of Ottoman Empire - Collapse of Austria- Hungarian empire
- revolts - communists
- Middle east tribes wanted their own nation state
- civil wars
what and why were the motives of Britain
- avoid German revanchism- Britain didn’t want Germany to cause another war
- avoid losing Naval Power- Britain’s naval army become weakened- EASILY INVADED
-Britain to keep trading with Germany - keep empires- materials/resources
what and why were the motives of the USA
Not punish Germany- No more war
Free trade- profit on manufacturing
World peace- no money needed to pay for wars
self determination in E. Europe- Wilson believed that self- determination would prevent future wars
which of the 14 points made Lloyd George happy
- free trade
- Germans should leave Belgium
- invading armies should leave the Balkan states
- Poland should be given Independence and access to the sea
which of the 14 points made Clemenceau unhappy?
- no secret deals/ alliances
- disarmament
- Italian borders should be adjusted- meant Austria and France had to lose land
what was the aim of the Paris peace treaties 1919- 1923
- buffer states created around Germany and USSR
- self-determination
- promote democracies in Europe
- Yugoslavia created to bring stability
- punish countries that fought with Germany
why was G. Clemenceau not satisfied with the terms of T.O.V
- reparations- France’s economy suffered - France wated to rebuild- reparations not high enough
- Rhineland demilitarisation- France wanted all of it- wanted possession
- demilitarisation of Germanhy- France wanted Germany to suffer more- lose all her army
why was W.Wilson satisfied with the terms of T.O.V
- League of Nations- 1 of 14 points believed war caused by lack of organisation to talk about arguments
- demilitarisation of Germany- has enough men to protect, not enough to cause another war
- Alsace Lorraine given back to France- it was for France to start off with
what were the political benefits of Woodrow Wilson
- didn’t want to punish Germany very harshly
- strengthen democracy
- nations should co-operate to achieve world peace
- 14 points written by him
-self- determination
why was W. Wilson not satisfied with the terms of T.O.V
- reparations and war guilt- felt unfair to punish Germany- high reparations therefore revenge therefore war
- Germany’s colonies given to LON- France and Britain gained power/ too harsh/ self-determination
- Germany losing 16% of land- harsh punishment/ self- determination
what were mandates
colonies of Germany that were taken from her and given to France and Britain to look after until there were ready for independence
Wilson wanted “self-determination” which of the 14 points would establish that
- Austria- Hungary should be given their freedom
- Poland should be given independence
which of the 14 points made Clemenceau happy
- Alsace- Lorrain should be returned to France
- Germany should leave Russian territory
- Germans should leave Belgium
what public opinions arose because of WW1
elections in Britain/ France/ Germany/ Italy
revanchism- public demand for revenge for death
which of the 14 points made Lloyd George unhappy
- no secret deals/alliance
- countries should be free to send ships
- disarmament
- empires should be abolished
what were the terms of the TOV
- war guilt
- reparations
- demilitarisation
- rhineland demilitarised
- no anschluss
- colonies
- territorial losses
- LON
what were the territorial losses around Germany’s borders
- Alsace- Lorraine to France
- Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
- Nothern Schleswig to Denmark
- Posen ,West Prussia and U. Silesia to Poland
- City of Danzig declared a free city
- Memel to Lithuania
- Lithuania/ Latvia/ Estonia- independence
- Saarland given to League- France for 15 years
why was D.L George satisfied with the terms of T.O.V
-Germany demilitarisation (navy)- Britain’s power washer navy once Germany’s navy destroyed- Britain #1
- Germany’s loss of territory in E. Europe- threat to British empire- barriers to commies
- Germany’s colonies given to LON Britain gained more power and control colonial empire expanded
