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History > Treaty of Versailles > Flashcards

Treaty of Versailles Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Britains strengths?

A

-strong navy
- professional army
-major colonial empire
-strong trade links

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2
Q

what were Britains weaknesses?

A

-economy weakened in WW1
-equipment lost
- wanted to concentrate on building trade and control

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3
Q

France: weaknesses?

A
  • lost 1 million soldiers in WW1 - army weak
  • France’s economy weak
  • worried about Germany
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4
Q

France: strength?

A
  • professional land army
  • colonial empire
  • was major power
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5
Q

what and why were the motives of France

A
  • France to gain land- Alsace Lorraine is rich in coal (rebuilding)
  • Revenge- Germans invaded 2 times causing lots of destruction
  • Germany to lose power- Germany lost power they wouldn’t attack
    -keep their empires- Money
    `
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6
Q

why was D.L. George not satisfied with the terms of T.O.V

A
  1. League of Nations- Britain wanted to focus on trade not act on international policemen
  2. Amount of reparations - it would have affected their German economy due to the amount of repairation and they wanted to trade
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7
Q

what political problems were caused because of WW1

A
  • collapse of Russian empire- Russia becomes communist
    -collapse of Ottoman Empire
  • Collapse of Austria- Hungarian empire
  • revolts - communists
  • Middle east tribes wanted their own nation state
  • civil wars
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8
Q

what and why were the motives of Britain

A
  • avoid German revanchism- Britain didn’t want Germany to cause another war
  • avoid losing Naval Power- Britain’s naval army become weakened- EASILY INVADED
    -Britain to keep trading with Germany
  • keep empires- materials/resources
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9
Q

what and why were the motives of the USA

A

Not punish Germany- No more war
Free trade- profit on manufacturing
World peace- no money needed to pay for wars
self determination in E. Europe- Wilson believed that self- determination would prevent future wars

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10
Q

which of the 14 points made Lloyd George happy

A
  • free trade
  • Germans should leave Belgium
  • invading armies should leave the Balkan states
  • Poland should be given Independence and access to the sea
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11
Q

which of the 14 points made Clemenceau unhappy?

A
  • no secret deals/ alliances
  • disarmament
  • Italian borders should be adjusted- meant Austria and France had to lose land
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12
Q

what was the aim of the Paris peace treaties 1919- 1923

A
  • buffer states created around Germany and USSR
  • self-determination
  • promote democracies in Europe
  • Yugoslavia created to bring stability
  • punish countries that fought with Germany
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13
Q

why was G. Clemenceau not satisfied with the terms of T.O.V

A
  • reparations- France’s economy suffered - France wated to rebuild- reparations not high enough
  • Rhineland demilitarisation- France wanted all of it- wanted possession
  • demilitarisation of Germanhy- France wanted Germany to suffer more- lose all her army
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14
Q

why was W.Wilson satisfied with the terms of T.O.V

A
  • League of Nations- 1 of 14 points believed war caused by lack of organisation to talk about arguments
  • demilitarisation of Germany- has enough men to protect, not enough to cause another war
  • Alsace Lorraine given back to France- it was for France to start off with
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15
Q

what were the political benefits of Woodrow Wilson

A
  • didn’t want to punish Germany very harshly
  • strengthen democracy
  • nations should co-operate to achieve world peace
  • 14 points written by him
    -self- determination
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16
Q

why was W. Wilson not satisfied with the terms of T.O.V

A
  • reparations and war guilt- felt unfair to punish Germany- high reparations therefore revenge therefore war
  • Germany’s colonies given to LON- France and Britain gained power/ too harsh/ self-determination
  • Germany losing 16% of land- harsh punishment/ self- determination
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17
Q

what were mandates

A

colonies of Germany that were taken from her and given to France and Britain to look after until there were ready for independence

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18
Q

Wilson wanted “self-determination” which of the 14 points would establish that

A
  • Austria- Hungary should be given their freedom
  • Poland should be given independence
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19
Q

which of the 14 points made Clemenceau happy

A
  • Alsace- Lorrain should be returned to France
  • Germany should leave Russian territory
  • Germans should leave Belgium
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20
Q

what public opinions arose because of WW1

A

elections in Britain/ France/ Germany/ Italy
revanchism- public demand for revenge for death

21
Q

which of the 14 points made Lloyd George unhappy

A
  • no secret deals/alliance
  • countries should be free to send ships
  • disarmament
  • empires should be abolished
22
Q

what were the terms of the TOV

A
  1. war guilt
  2. reparations
  3. demilitarisation
  4. rhineland demilitarised
  5. no anschluss
  6. colonies
  7. territorial losses
  8. LON
23
Q

what were the territorial losses around Germany’s borders

A
  • Alsace- Lorraine to France
  • Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
  • Nothern Schleswig to Denmark
  • Posen ,West Prussia and U. Silesia to Poland
  • City of Danzig declared a free city
  • Memel to Lithuania
  • Lithuania/ Latvia/ Estonia- independence
  • Saarland given to League- France for 15 years
24
Q

why was D.L George satisfied with the terms of T.O.V

A

-Germany demilitarisation (navy)- Britain’s power washer navy once Germany’s navy destroyed- Britain #1
- Germany’s loss of territory in E. Europe- threat to British empire- barriers to commies
- Germany’s colonies given to LON Britain gained more power and control colonial empire expanded

25
Q

what were the political beliefs of D.L. George

A
  • were in the middle ground
  • wanted Germany to be punished but not harshly
  • for Germany not to have colonies
  • continued trade
  • scared a harsh treaty might lead to a communist revolution
  • promised to get revenge
26
Q

what were the political beliefs of George Clemenceau

A
  • wanted a treaty to weaken Germany
  • he saw the treaty as a way to cripple the Germans
  • ## France wanted Germany to suffer
27
Q

why was G. Clemenceau satisfied with the terms of the TOV

A
  • war guilt- Germany was guilty- reparations to victors
  • Alsace Lorraine and Saarland- A.L was originally France’s and Saarland was full of coal
  • Germany’s loss of territory- Germany lost power therefore they weren’t strong enough to cause another war
28
Q

when did WW1 end

A

November 1918

29
Q

what was the personality of G. Clemenceau

A
  • hard and tough
  • uncompromising
  • realist
  • veangeful
30
Q

what was the colonies term for Germany on TOV

A

African and Asian colonies taken away - Togoland
Cameroon
German E. and SW Africa
Marshall and Caroline islands

31
Q

what economic problems were caused because of WW1

A
  • european economies on brink of collapse
  • Britain and France borrowed from USA- Domestic trade were interupted
  • Farmland destroyed- 220,000 houses destroyed
  • farm buildings and property destroyed
  • damage to infrastructure, roads
32
Q

what military problems were caused because of WW1

A
  • armies were exhausted
  • Britain - 950,000 deaths
    France 1.4 million
    Germany 1.8 million
    Russia 1.7 million
    –> 16 million people died
  • supplies of weapons, ships very low
33
Q

what social problems were caused because of WW1

A
  • refugees
  • disease
  • families left without male breadwinner- war pensions slow to be paid
34
Q

what had the Germans understood about the military situation at the end of war in 1918

A

they thought they were winning but they actually were losing

35
Q

what was Anschluss

A

word used to describe the unification of Germany and Austria

36
Q

what was the TOV basis

A

the 14 points

37
Q

who thought of the 14 points

A

Woodrow Wilson

38
Q

When was the TOV

A

1919

39
Q

Who was the leader of France

A

George Clemenceau

40
Q

who was the leader of Britain

A

David Lloyd George

41
Q

who was the leader of USA

A

Woodrow Wilson

42
Q

what was the demilitarisation terms for Germany in TOV

A
  • no conscription
  • 100, 000 men
  • 6 battleships
  • no planes, submarines, tanks
43
Q

how much were the reparations for Germany on the TOV

A

6.6 billion

44
Q

what was the LON term for Germany on TOV

A

Germany not allowed to join

45
Q

what was the personality of Woodrow Wilson

A
  • idealist
  • reformer
  • patriot
  • not pragmatic
  • liberal
46
Q

why did Germany hate the terms of the TOV

A
  • not allowed to negotiate- DIKTAT
  • germany military was reduced
  • Germans lost territory ( no self- determination )
  • Germans lost African countries
    • Germans took the blame and to pay reparations
  • Germany not allowed to join LON- international pariahs
47
Q

which of the 14 points would achieve Wilson’s hope to bring world peace

A
  • free trade between countries
  • a LON should be set up to preserve the future peace of the world
48
Q

what is the personality of D.L George

A
  • realist
  • experienced politician
  • middle grounds
  • manipulative
  • good negotiator

History (11 decks)

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