Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NDDs/Stroke > Treatments & Prevention > Flashcards

Treatments & Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

An Ischaemic stroke is fundamentally different from a Haemorrhagic stroke. How?

A

Ischaemia is loss of blood flow

Haemorrhages are uncontrollable bleeds into the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ischaemic Stroke

What is immediately affected?

A

Ischaemic core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ischaemic Stroke

Loss of oxygen and glucose to the Ischaemia core will cause…

A

Cause necrosis (cell death) within minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ischaemic Stroke

The ______ can grow and grow as time goes by

A

Structural lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ischaemic Stroke

The structural lesion can grow as time goes by, increasing

A

The severity of functional impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which scan is most commonly used in stroke assessment?

A

CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are CT scans more commonly used than fMRI?

A

Readily available
Do not take as long
Cheaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CT scans cannot pick up a stroke…

A

In it’s early hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CT scans can rule out…

A

Haemorrhagic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A doctor asking about name, DOB etc can…

A

Assess speech, comprehension and disorientation simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hankey & Warlow, 1999

What is a general treatment option, for all kinds of stroke?

A

A specialised stroke unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ischaemic Stroke

Treatments are targeted towards the…

A

Ischaemic Penumbra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the penumbra?

A

Area surrounding the event (throbosis/embolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the penumbra is not treated, cells die within…and…

A

Hours

The core will continue to expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 treatments for an Ischaemic stroke?

A

Thrombolitic (TPA)
Aspirin
MERCI Retriever
Suction Removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 limitations of Thrombolitics?

A
  1. Limited TTW
  2. Risk of haemorrhage
  3. Must consider other health issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hankey & Warlow (1998)

Identified the limitation of thrombolitics as being…

A
  • Only appropriate for 10% of population, as must be given within a few hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two surgical options for an Ischaemic stroke?

A

MERCI retriever

Suction removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a MERCI retriever?

A

Device to pull the blood clot from an artery using a coiled wire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is suction removal?

A
  1. Clot attacked with wire

2. Clot remains sucked out with tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are surgical options not considered often?

A

They carry many risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Haemorrhagic strokes are difficult to treat - the main goal is

A

Managing symptoms/reducing pressure and swelling in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the pharmaceutical option for Haemorrhagic strokes?

A

Hypertensives

24
Q

What are the two surgical options for Haemorrhagic strokes?

A
  1. Aneurysm Clipping

2. Coil Embolisation

25
What is Aneurysm Clipping?
This is where a clip is used to prevent blood flow from oozing out
26
What is coil embolisation?
Insertion of wire which coils at the bleed
27
Aneurysm Clipping and Coil Embolisation are...
Surgical options for Haemorrhagic strokes
28
Describe how brain injury following a stroke can progress?
Ischaemic core can continue to expand if left untreated
29
Is the focus more on treating strokes, or preventing strokes?
Preventing
30
4 NON-modifiable risk factors for stroke?
Age Gender Ethnicity Family History
31
Which gender is more at risk of stroke?
Males --> progesterone in females may be protective
32
Alpert (2011) People over the age of ____ are at greater risk of stroke.
55
33
Why are the elderly population more at risk of stroke?
Changes in blood vessels (thinning + stiffening)
34
Why might somebodys ethnicity put them more at risk of stroke?
Increased risk of HT/Diabetes
35
If somebody has Hypertension, blood moves through arteries ....
Quicker
36
Hypertension The quick moving blood... The body compensates by...
Knocks against artery walls By increasing blood vessell thickness
37
Hypertension If blood vessells are thickened, the area narrows and...
Chance of clotting is increased
38
Hypertension can be reduced by...
Employing a low salt diet
39
5 MODIFIABLE risk factors?
1. Hypertension 2. Cardiac diseases 3. Diabetes 4. High cholesterol 5. Lifestyle
40
Alpert (2011) ___ of patients who suffer a TIA will have a stroke within _____
10-15% 3 months
41
Both _____ and _____ attack BV walls
Glucose | Tobacco toxins
42
How can chlesterol increase the risk of a stroke? (2)
1. Break off and block off small BV's | 2. Sit in areas of damaged blood vessel
43
Alpert (2011) Smoking, even secondhand smoke damages.... and accelerates...
Blood vessels Hardening of the arteries
44
Hankey and Warlow (1999) A treatment with a more substantial effect (thrombolysis) can have no more overall effect that weaker treatments, unless...
It can be given to more than a small minority of patients
45
What is the No1 modifiable cause of stroke?
Hypertension
46
Alpert (2011) To avoid the risk of stroke, the following steps should be taken (4)
- Not smoking - Reg. exercise - Normal bodyweight - Low fat diet, F + Vs
47
Following Alpert's (2011) recommended lifestyle choices, the risk of....
Firs time stroke can be decreased by up to 80%
48
What effect does Glucose have on blood vessels?
Can damage BV walls, and can build up and block BVs
49
Hankey & Warlow (1999) found that statins...
Could reduce risk by 24%
50
Hankey & Warlow (1999) identified 3 ways in which stroke risk could be reduced initially?
- Controlling Hypertension - Cholesterol reduction - Stopping cigarette smoking
51
Hankey & Warlow (1999) ____ of stroke patients have had a previous stroke
1/3
52
Hankey & Warlow (1999) Thrombolysis is only apprioriate for ____
10% of the stroke population
53
Hankey & Warlow (1999) Pre-requisites to Thrombolysis (4)
1. Given within few hours 2. Be properly assessed 3. No contradiction to thromblysis 4. CT to rule out haemorrhage
54
Hankey & Warlow (1999) ___ of previous stroke sufferers have ______
50% Hypertension
55
Hankey & Warlow (1999) Which is the only treatment accessible to all patients?
Organised stroke care

NDDs/Stroke (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions