Stroke

Question 1

What are the three core areas of the brain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Question 2

Four lobes of the brain?

Answer 2

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 3

The cerebum is divided into __ hemispheres and __ lobes

Answer 3

2 (L & R)

4 lobes

Question 4

Which lobe is responsible for vision?

Answer 4

Occipital

Question 5

Which lobe is responsible for sensory processing/orientation?

Answer 5

Parietal

Question 6

Which lobe is responsible for auditory perception, memory (e.g. LTM) etc?

Answer 6

Temporal

Question 7

Which lobe is responsible for things like judgement, personality, emotion and language production?

Answer 7

Frontal

Question 8

The brain requires ___ of the bodies oxygen.

Answer 8

20%

Question 9

What is the joining area of several arteries called?

Answer 9

Circle of Willis

Question 10

What is the most common artery to get blocked?

Answer 10

Middle cerebral artery

Question 11

What is a stroke?

Answer 11

INTERRUPTION to BLOOD SUPPLY in the brain, resulting in significant CELL DEATH

Question 12

3 main types of stroke?

Answer 12

Ischaemic stroke
Transient ischaemic attack
Haemorrhagic stroke

Question 13

What is an ischaemic stroke?

Answer 13

A blockage (thrombosis/embolism) in the brain, disrupting blood flow

Question 14

What is the most common type of stroke?

Answer 14

Ischaemic stroke

Question 15

Cerebral thrombosis is a type of

Answer 15

Ischaemic stroke

Question 16

The result of an Ischaemic stroke is general….

Answer 16

Reduction of blood supply across whole body

Question 17

What is a transient ischaemic attack?

Answer 17

• Temporary loss of blood supply (mini stroke)
• Can resolve itself
• Symptoms may last < 24 hours

Question 18

What is a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 18

Bleed into the brain

Question 19

A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a type of…

Answer 19

Haemorrhagic stroke

Question 20

The bleeding of a haemorrhagic storke can cause…

Answer 20

Pressure and swelling

Question 21

People with _____ are more at risk of a haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 21

Aneuryms (weakening of artery wall, creating a bulge that could rupture)

Question 22

Symptoms of someone with a stroke in the left hemisphere cerebrum?

Answer 22

Weakness/paralysis in right side of body

Cognitive problems

Question 23

Symptoms of someone with a stroke in the right hemisphere cerebrum?

Answer 23

Weakness/paralysis in left side

Vision/perception problems

Question 24

Symptoms of someone with a stroke in the cerebellum?

Answer 24

Balance, co-ordination

Question 25

How would you know someone had had a stroke in the brainstem?

Answer 25

Breathing, heartbeat and swallowing affected

Question 26

If someone has trouble speaking or understanding speech, this would indicate the _____ has been affected.

Answer 26

Broca's Area/Wernicke's Area

Question 27

Numbness may happen if stroke has affected the

Answer 27

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 28

Why might a stroke-related headache be ignored?

Answer 28

Mistaken for a migraine

Question 29

5 stroke symptoms

Answer 29

``` Numbness/weakness Confusion Trouble speaking/understanding Dizziness/loss of co-ordination Headache ```

Question 30

What is cerebral thrombosis?

Answer 30

Blockage involving an artery that SUPPLIES THE BRAIN

Question 31

What is a cerebral embolism?

Answer 31

Clot/other matter that breaks loose from a downstream site and blocks an artery in the brain/neck

Question 32

3 types of Ischaemic stroke?

Answer 32

1. Thrombosis 2. Embolism 3. Systemic Hypoperfusion

Question 33

Which type of stroke should act as a red flag, or warning signal to the recipient?

Answer 33

a Transient Ischemic Attack

Question 34

Which is the most common type of stroke?

Answer 34

Ischemic

Question 35

Caplan, 2006 Ischemic strokes account for __/__ of all strokes

Answer 35

4/5

Question 36

Main (1) modifiable, and (2) non-modifiable cause of Haemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 36

Age(ing blood vessels) | Hypertension

Question 37

Subarachnoid haemorrhages are often caused by

Answer 37

Aneuryms

Question 38

Haemorrhages result from the rupturing of...which....

Answer 38

Small blood vessels Tears/disconnects vital pathways

Question 39

Haemorrhagic strokes (Caplan, 2006) The blood oozes into the brain, and forms a....

Answer 39

Localised blood collection

Question 40

Caplan, 2006 Large haemorrhages may be fatal because they...

Answer 40

Increase pressure within the skull (enclosed space, limiting exit of blood)

Question 41

Caplan, 2006 A _____ haemorrhage will result in a generalisd decrease of brain function, whereas a _______ will result in loss of function relating to area damaged

Answer 41

Subarachnoid/epidural Intracerebral

Question 42

Caplan, 2006 Which type of haemorrhage causes the most diffuse effects?

Answer 42

Subarachnoid

Question 43

Caplan, 2006 Which type of ischemic stroke leads to more focal abnormalities?

Answer 43

A blockage: thrombosis/embolism

Question 44

Caplan, 2006 Which type of ischaemic stroke leads to more diffuse abnormalities?

Answer 44

Systemic hypoperfusion

Question 45

A CT scan can (3)

Answer 45

1. Rule out Haemorrhage 2. Determine severity 3. Determine location

Question 46

Alpert (2011) 3 stages of initial stroke assessment, starting with CT?

Answer 46

1. CT scan 2. Classified based on etiology/location affected 3. Classified as thrombosis or embolism, cardiac embolision or small vessel occlusion

Question 47

Is the damage permanent in a TIA?

Answer 47

No

Question 48

Difference between TIA and Ischaemic stroke? (3)

Answer 48

1. Ischaemic stroke cannot resolve itself 2. Ischemic stroke requires med. attention 3. Ischemic stroke damage can grow expontentially if left untreated

Question 49

What is TPA?

Answer 49

Tissue plasminogen activator --> acitvates plasminogen naturally found in blood to break down clots

Question 50

TPA must be given within

Answer 50

3-4 hours