Treatments - K9 Infectious Dz (BacT)

Question 1

Salmonella enterica
(ubiquitous; >2400 serotypes)
How do we treat salmonellosis in the dog?

Answer 1

In severe cases,
1. Isolation
2. IV fluids
3. Antibiotics (Amoxicillin/ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulphonamide)

Question 2

Campylobacter spp. (G-)

• (C.jejuni, C.upsaliensis, C.helveticus, C.coli)*
• How** do we *treat these infections?

Answer 2

(*efficacy of antibiotics is unknown*)
Erythromycin,
Chloramphenicol,
Cephalosporins,
Enrofloxacin

Question 3

Helicobacter (G-)
(H.heilmanni, H.felis, H.pylori)
How do we treat these infections?

Question 4

The infectious canine diseases are majorly zoonoses and subsequently public health concerns. Which one in particular includes sterilization of infected animals as indicated in treatment?

Answer 4

Brucellosis

Question 5

What is the antibiotic regimen for Brucellosis?

Answer 5

(Multi)
doxycycline + stretptomycin
aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones
*usu. requires 4weeks therapy*
**retest {via agglutination; should dec. <100}
6-9 months after Tx**

Question 6

Actinomyces and Nocardia spp. (G+)
Are associated with anaerobic infections, wounds, and pyothorax, among others…
How do we treat???

Answer 6

• Surgical drainage and debridement
• Antibiotics:
  (A: penicillin/4wk; N: sulphonamides/6wk)

Question 7

How long does it take for the host to become infected with Borrelia burgdorferi once the tick engorges?

Answer 7

48-50 hours post attachment

Question 8

What is the vector for Lyme Dz?

Answer 8

Ixodes spp.
Pacific Coast Common Name: Western black legged tick
NE, mid-west, and SE common name: deer tick

Question 9

What dogs do we treat for Lyme disease?

Answer 9

Those that test positive on the C6 snap test
AND have clinical signs of Lyme

Question 10

Any Lyme positive dog should be tested for proteinuria. If UPC is elevated, what should you do?

Answer 10

Treat for Lyme!

Question 11

Drug of choice for Lyme Dz?

Answer 11

Doxycycline,
amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone
for 30 days
relapse or recrudescence of infection is common

Question 12

Why don’t we just treat the dog if it’s seropositive but does not exhibit clinical signs?

Answer 12

The animal is able to mount an effective immune response!

Question 13

How do we treat dogs for Leptospirosis?

Answer 13

• *1. Supportive care**
• need central line, urinary catheters to monitor urine output,
• replacement fluids,
• antiemetics (metoclopramide, maropitant) & GI protectants (H2-blockers, PPIs)
• plasma/fresh whole blood

2. Diuretics for acute renal failure

• *3. Antibiotics**
• ACVIM consensus: Doxycycline 5mg/kg BID PO or IV for 2 weeks
• *BUT if there’s evidence of hepatitis or nephritis at the beginning, then we need to use penicillin G or ampicillin (followed with doxy later…)**

Question 14

Why don’t we use an anti-toxin to treat Clostridium botulinum?

Answer 14

The anti-toxin doesn’t contain the specific type C antitoxin

Question 15

What are the indicated treatments for Clostridium botulinum infections?

Answer 15

1. Supportive Care
2. Antibacterial: metronidazole or penicillins

Question 16

How should we treat Clostridium tetani infections?

Answer 16

(Toxin wears off over 3-4 wks…)

1. Supportive Care
2. Antitoxin - IM - *beware: allergic rxns*
3. Muscle relaxant: methocarbamol
   sedative: chlorpromazine, barbiturates (pentobarbital), benzodiazepines
4. Antibiotics: metronidazole, penicillin G, tetracyclin
5. Autonomic agents (atropine)
6. Surgery and wound management