Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 intents of treatments

A
  • radical therapy
  • palliative therapy
  • adjuvant therapy
  • neoadjuvant therapy
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2
Q

what is radical therapy

A

curative intent which aims to eradicate a tumour

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3
Q

what is palliative therapy

A

non-curative therapy which aims to reduce symptoms and prolong life

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4
Q

palliative intent ____ at the expense of significant side effects
(options = is OR is not)

A

is not

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5
Q

what is adjuvant therapy

A

occurs after surgery and aimed to reduce risk of reoccurrence

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6
Q

what is neoadjuvant therapy

A

before surgery and aims to shrink the cancer before removal

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7
Q

what are the possible treatment endpoints

A
  • overall survival
  • disease free survival
  • progression free survival
  • local control
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8
Q

what is overall survival

A

time alive

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9
Q

what is disease free survival

A

time without any symptoms or signs of cancer

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10
Q

what is progression free survival

A

time living with cancer but it’s not getting any worse

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11
Q

what is local control

A

time without reoccurrence or progression at specific tumour site

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12
Q

what is the best treatment option for cancer

A

surgery

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13
Q

what are some non-surgical cancer treatments

A
  • radiotherapy
  • brachytherapy
  • radionuclide therapy
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14
Q

what is brachytherapy

A

uses gamma rays

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15
Q

what are some systemic anti-cancer therapies

A

chemotherapy and immunotherapy

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16
Q

What are possible agents used for chemotherapy? there are 6 :0

A
  • Alkylating agents
  • Platinum Salts
  • Anti-metabolites
  • Taxanes
  • Anthracyclines
  • Topoisomerase inhibitor
17
Q

how do alkylating agents work

A

attach an alkyl group to DNA so checkpoints think its abnormal and thus kill the cell

18
Q

how do platinum salts work

A

DNA cross-linking

19
Q

what are taxanes

A

mitotic inhibitors

20
Q

how do anthracyclines work

A

interfere with enzymes for DNA copying

21
Q

how does topoisomerase work

A

prevents DNA unwinding during replication

22
Q

what are some general side effects of chemotherapy

A

malaise, fatigue and lethargy

23
Q

what are some more specific chemotherapy side effects

A
  • Alopecia
  • Diarrhoea and nausea
  • Anaemia
  • Fertility changes
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Renal problems
24
Q

is menopause a side effect of chemotherapy

A

yes!!

25
Q

what is the mechanism of radiotherapy

A

it causes double stranded DNA break

26
Q

how is radiotherapy prescribed

A

is prescribed in Grays and given in small does

27
Q

what are some acute side effects of radiotherapy

A
  • fatigue
  • erythema
  • head and neck pain
  • Oesophagitis
28
Q

what are some late side effects of radiotherapy (months after)

A
  • ulceration of skin
  • dysphagia
  • incontinence
  • infertility
  • menopause
29
Q

can radiotherapy cause secondary cancers

A

yes

30
Q

what is an example of a targeted drug used for cancer treatment

A

monoclonal antibodies

31
Q

what is an example of a receptor targeted by monoclonal antibodies

A

HER2