Genetics Flashcards
cancer is a disease of _______ mosaicism
somatic
cancer is mainly caused by pre or post- zygomatic mutations
post-zygomatic mutations
what mechanism is in place to stop millions of mutations occurring
DNA repair mechanisms
are DNA mutations perfect
- no
- they sometimes cause mutations
what are the hallmarks of cancer
- cell proliferation
- loss of growth inhibition
- evade immune system
- angiogenesis
- avoid apoptosis
- metastasis
- damage DNA repair mechanisms
what type of mutations result in the hallmarks of cancer
somatic mutations (each time cell divides get new mutations)
what is the most important factor for cancer development
genomic instability
what is the 2 hit hypothesis
1 mutated gene increases chance of cancer and 2 mutated copies means you’ve got an even higher risk (almost certain)
the first ‘hit’ is ____ and the second ‘hit’ is ____
- inherited
- acquired
if your mum or dad has cancer then you already have ___ ‘hit’
one
what is the most common inheritance mechanism for developing cancer
multifactorial inheritance
what chromosome acquires a mutation to cause the development of leukaemia
Philadelphia
if your parent has cancer then is your risk the same as the general population
no, slightly above
if your parent, grand-parent and auntie all had cancer is your risk the same as the general population
no, significantly above
if you are worried about your cancer risk and your auntie (ag 40) AND your grandma (ag 70) both have cancer who would you test to check for mutations? You, the auntie or the grandma
- test the family members most likely to have the mutation. eg the ones currently with cancer.
- the youngest option is most suitable
- so answer = auntie
