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Rapid Review > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine

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5
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

α1-antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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15
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat)

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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25
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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26
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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27
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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28
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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29
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

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30
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central);

hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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31
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

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32
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

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33
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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34
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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35
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

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36
Q

ER ⊕ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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37
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

38
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

39
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

40
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

41
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

42
Q

HER2/neu ⊕ breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

43
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

44
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

45
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

46
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

47
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

48
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

49
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

50
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)

51
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

52
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

53
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

54
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

55
Q

Migraine Abortive therapies

A

(e.g., sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (e.g., propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

56
Q

Multiple sclerosis Disease-modifying therapies

A

(e.g., β-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

57
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

58
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

59
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

60
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

61
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

62
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin,
denosumab (treatment)

63
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE analogs

64
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

α-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)

65
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

66
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

67
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

68
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

69
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

70
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

71
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

72
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

73
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

74
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

75
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (?fetal hemoglobin)

76
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

77
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

78
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

79
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

80
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

81
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

82
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

83
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

84
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

85
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

86
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

87
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

88
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (e.g., mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

89
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

90
Q

Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

Rapid Review (3 decks)

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