Key Associations

Question 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Answer 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Answer 2

Cushing ulcer (?intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

Question 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Answer 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 5

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

Answer 5

Atherosclerosis

Question 6

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

Answer 6

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Question 7

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

Answer 7

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 8

Aortic dissection

Answer 8

Hypertension

Question 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Answer 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Question 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Answer 10

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

Question 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Answer 11

H. pylori

Question 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Answer 12

S. pneumoniae

Question 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Answer 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)

Question 14

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma Krukenberg tumor

Answer 14

(mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

Question 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Answer 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Question 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Answer 16

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

Question 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Answer 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 18

Breast cancer

Answer 18

invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 19

Breast mass

Answer 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Question 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Answer 20

Fibroadenoma

Question 21

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

Answer 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Answer 22

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

Question 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 23

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

Question 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 24

Chiari II malformation

Question 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Answer 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Question 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 26

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 27

DES exposure in utero

Question 28

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 28

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 29

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 29

VSD

Question 30

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Answer 30

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Question 31

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 31

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

Question 32

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Answer 32

LAD > RCA > circumflex

Question 33

Cretinism

Answer 33

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

Question 34

Cushing syndrome ƒ

ƒ

Answer 34

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ƒ ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) ƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 35

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Answer 35

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Question 36

Cyanosis (late; more common)

Answer 36

VSD, ASD, PDA

Question 37

Death in CML

Answer 37

Blast crisis

Question 38

Death in SLE

Answer 38

Lupus nephropathy