Treatments Flashcards
Psychotherapy
psychological intervention which helps peoples resolve emotional, behavioral and interpersonal problems and imporve quality of life - talk thearpy
- 20% of americans seek it out, mostly women and caucasians
- treated by clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers or paraprofessionals
paraprofessional
individuals without professional training who attend workshops and training
- little to no difference etween experienced and novice therapists
Insight therapies
- form of psychotherapy where the goal is to expand awareness and insight
- giving you an awareness/understanding of what is happening which can change perspective and ways of thinking to treat
- consists of psychodynamic, humanistic and group approaches
Psychodynamic therapists
freudian therapists and those influenced by freud’s techniques
3 central beliefs of psychodynamic therapy
- causes of abnomal behaviours stem from traumatic or adverse childhood experiences
- analyze avoided thoughts and feelings, wishes, fantasies, and past events
- when they reach insight into unconscious mind, the causes and significances of symptoms become evident which makes them more likely to dissapear
psychoanalysis
- freud developed it as one of first forms of therapy
- goal is to decrease guilt and frustration by bringing the unconscious into the conscious
- bring awareness to previously repressed impulses and conflicts and memories (things they might not remember)
psychoanalysis key aspects
- free association
- interpretation
- dream analysis
- resistance
- transference
- work through
free association
technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any sort
resistance
attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions and impulses
- therapists make patients aware theyre unconsciously obstructing therapeutic efforts to resolve resistance
transference
projecting intense, unrealistic feelings onto the therapist
- project past people onto present
neo freudian tradition
- more concerned with conscious aspects of client’s functioning
- emphasize on things other than sex and aggression
- emphasize the importance of cultural and interpersonal influcnes on behaviour
interpersonal therapy
- neo Freudian –>sullivan
- treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts and life treatments
- short term treatment (12-16 sessions) developed for depression but also helps susbtance abuse and eating disorders
- learning how to be more social and talk to people
- insight isnt necessary, we dont have to understand our past
limitations to Psychodynamic therapies
- many are questionable from a scientific standpoint because hard to research and hard to falsify
- insight is not necessary to relieve distress
- weak support for repressed memories
- not effective for psychotic disorders
- small sample hard to validate
Humanistic psychotherapy
therapy that shares an emphasis on the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive
- focuses on living in the present and importance of assuming responsibility for our lives
person centered therapy
- attaining acceptance and think more realistically and have adaptive behaviours
- carl rogers
- therapist doenst tell patient what to do, they use the therapy however they want
- therapist must be genuine, authentic, empathetic understanding, express positive regard
- patients structure the sessions
Gesalt therapy
- becoming whole
p therapy aims to integrate different or opposing aspects of personality into a unified self - two chair technique
Humanistic therapies evaluated scientifically
- difficult to falsify
- therapist traits in humanistic approaches like empathy are related to treatment outcomes
- more effective than no treatment but mixed results compared to other therapies
Group therapies
get together with people who have the same worries and issues as you and share
- therapist treats more than one person at a time
- dont feel alone
Alcoholics anonymous
- composed of peers with similar problems
- 12 step methods but little research on its effectiveness
family therapies
- see most psychological problems as rooted in a dysfunctional family system
- patient is the whole fam
- can be stategic family interventions or structural family therapy
strategic family interventions
designed to remove barriers to effective communication
structural family therapy
the therapist immerse themselves in the family to make changes
behavioral therapists
focus on specific problem behaviours and the variables that maintain them
- assume that behaviour is governed by the basic principles of learning
- tracking behaviors is key with ecological momentary assessement
ecological momentary assessment
assessment of thoughts, emotions and behaviours that arise in the moment in situations in which they occur in everyday life
ecological momentary assessment
assessment of thoughts, emotions and behaviours that arise in the moment in situations in which they occur in everyday life
exposure therapies
- confront clients with their fears with the goal of reducing them
- first was systematic desensitization (1958)
systematic desensitization
- anxiety producing stimulus is paired with relaxation response, which will make less anxiety
- ## effective for fears, phobias speech disorders, insomnia….
dismantling
- used to study SD
- research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of larger treatment
- no specific element was found to be key
Flooding
repeated exposure to feared stimuli for long periods in a safe environment
- key component is response prevention
- helps ocd, anxiety, phobias, ptsd
response prevention in flooding
patient cannot use normal anxiety-reducing behaviours during exposure period
participant modelling
technique where therapist first models a problematic situation and then guides that patient through steps to cope with it unassisted
- used in assertion ad social skills training
- prtciing in front of mirror or role play
token economy
- operant procedure
- programs shape maintain or alter behaviours by the consistent application of operant conditioning principles
- rewards clients for desirable behaviours with tokens to exchange for items
aversion therapies
- treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of behaviours
cognitive behavioural therapies
- treatments that attempt to replace maladaptive or irrational cognitions with more adaptive, rational cognitions
core assumptions about cognitive behavioural therapies
- cognitions are identifiable and measurable
- cognitions are key in both healthy and unhealthy psychological functions
- irrational beliefs or thinking can be replaced by more rational and adaptive cognitions
rational emotive behaviour therapy
- albert ellis 1950s
- emphasizes changing how we think but also how we act - how we respond to objective events stems largely from differences in our belief systems
- vulnerability to psychological disturbances are related to the frequency of our irrational beleifs
cognitive therapy
- aaron beck
- indentifying and modifying distorted thoughts and long-held core beleifs
- works for depression, bipolar and schizophrenia
CBT therapies evaluated scientifically
more effective than no or placebo treatments
- more effctive than psychodynamic and humanistic
- at least as effective as drugs therapies for depression
cbt and bt are qual
meta-analysis
statistical method that helps researchers interpret large bodies of psychologival literature
- shows that therapy does work in alleviating human suffering
harmful therapies
- facilitated communication
- scared straight
- crisis debriefing
- dare
- coercive restraint therapies
why are we fooled by ineffective therapies
- spontaneous remission
- placebo effect
- self-serving biases
- regression to the mean
- retrospective rewritting of the past
psycopharmacotherapy
use of medications is the ost widspread
- 7% on antidepressants
electroconvulsion therapy
involves patients receiving brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce seizures to treat intense problems like depression and schizophrenia as a last resort
- 6-10 treatment given a week
- most like and would do again but 50% relapse
Dialect behavior therapy
adressess contradictions between opposing tendencies of changing and accepting behaviors
- good for bpd and self harm
acceptance
instead of trying to change, accept aspects of experience in the moment
- helps depression and anxiety for kids
CBT for who
depression
anxiety
obesity
alcohol
marriage
interpersonal for who
depression and bulimia
acceptance for who
BPD
cognitive therapy for who
depression
bipolar schizophrenia
