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PSY202 - final > Mental disorders > Flashcards

Mental disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Demonic model

A
  • not seen as health issue but as a demonic issue where odd behaviours occurred because of evil spirits inhabiting the body
  • exorcisms and witch hunts
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2
Q

Medical model

A
  • emerged in the renaissance
  • saw it as a disorder needing medical treatment
  • people were asylumed that were overcrowded and understaffed
  • treated them with bloodletting, snake pits
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3
Q

bloodletting

A
  • treatment apart of the medical model where patients were cut so they would loose blood. did this because when people loose blood they need to lie down and they get relaxed which makes it seem like they arent crazy anymore
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4
Q

Phillipe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

A
  • reformers pushed moral treatment
  • treated patients dignity, respect and kindness
  • but still had no effective treatments
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5
Q

modern era

A
  • 50s drug chlorpromazine helped treat schizophrenia and bipolar
  • deinstitutionalization was enacted in 60-70s
  • was good and bad
  • some people kept up with their meds others did not
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6
Q

Anxiety disorders

A
  • can be transient and adaptive or can be excessive and inappropriate
  • 31% of people experience it at one point
  • one of most prevalent and earliest onset disorders
  • inapporpriate anxiety exists in other disorders
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7
Q

somatic symptom disorders

A

physical symptoms with psychological origins

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8
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

preoccupation that you have a serious disease despite no evidence

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9
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension and irritability about many areas
- about 3% of the population, 1/3 develop it after major stressor or life change
- more prvalent in females and caucasians

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10
Q

Panic Disorders

A
  • repeated unexpected panic attacks, along with persistent concerns about future atacks, a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them
  • panic attack are brief, intense episodes of extreme fears characterized by sweating, dizziness, lightheadedness, racing heart, feeling of impending doom or death
  • can be related to something or not
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11
Q

phobias

A
  • intense fear of an object or situation out of proportion to its actual threat
  • ## most common anxiety disorder and takes many forms like agoraphobia, social anxiety, or a specific phobia
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12
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarassing or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

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13
Q

PTSD

A
  • marked by emotional disturbance after you experience or witness a severly stressful event
  • symptoms:
  • flashbacks
  • recurrent dreams
  • avoiding reminders
  • increased psychological arousal
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14
Q

OCD

A

condition marked by repeated and lengthy immersion in obsessions, compulsions or both
(at least one hour per day)
- obsession are persistent thoughts/ideas that are unwanted or inappropriate and cause distress that is relived by compulsions which are repetitive behaviour or mental acts performed to prevent or reduce stress

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15
Q

Mood disorders

A
  • over 20% of north americans
  • major depressive disorder (MDD) is most common (16%)
  • more common in females
  • likely to develop in 30s
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16
Q

features of MDD episode

A
  • depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties
  • symptoms can develop suddenly or gradually but are often recurrent
  • average episode lasts 6 to 1 year and most experience 5-6
  • can cause extreme functional impairment
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17
Q

Mood disorders listed

A
  • MDD
  • manic episode
  • bipolar disorder
    persistent depressive disorder
  • hypomani episode
  • bipolar disorder 2
  • cyclothymic disorder
  • postpartum disorder
  • seasonal affective disorder
  • premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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18
Q

Manic episode

A

inflated self esteem, talkative, hyperactive
- like the opposite of depression
- excessive participation in pleasurable acts that can become dangerous

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19
Q

bipolar disorder 1

A

presence of one or more manic episodes

20
Q

persistent depressive diorder (dysthymia)

A

low level depression where you can go about daily life but you are always kinda mad and in a bad mood
- hopelessness that carries for a long period

21
Q

hypomanic disorder

A
22
Q

bipolar disorder 2

A

experience at least one episode of major depressive and one hypomanuc episode
- not as far reaching extremes

23
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

mood alternate between numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms
- increases the risk of developing bipolar disorder

24
Q

postpartum depression

A

depressive episode that occurs within a month after childburth in up to 15% of mothers
- postpartum psychosis occurs 1-2 out of 1000 which gives delusions

25
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

depressive episodes that displays a seasonal pattern, most commonly beginning in fall or winter and improving in spring

26
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

under 18 who experience persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme out of control behavior

27
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

occurs in females during the final week before the onset of menses, with marked mood swings, irritability, anger and anxiety

28
Q

explanations for MDD

A

complex interplay of biological, psychological and social influences
- major life events, particularly the loss of something valued, can set the stage for depression
- can create interpersonal problems which can cause a lack of support
- gnes can cause
- attribute failure internally and have global, stable attributions

29
Q

behavioral model (MDD)

A

depression results from low rate of positive reinforcement from the environment

30
Q

cognitive model (MDD)

A
  • becks
    depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations
31
Q

learned helplessness

A

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cant control

32
Q

learned helplessness

A

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cant control

33
Q

Bipolar causes and effects

A
  • have both depressive and manic episode
  • highly irresponsible behavior
  • equal in men and women
  • heavily genetically influenced but can be caused by stressful life events (neg or pos)
34
Q

Suicide

A
  • people with MDD and bipolar disorder are at higher risk for suicide (x15 for BD)
  • 11th leading cause of death in canda (3rd for children)
  • lack of research and base rates
35
Q

personality disorders

A
  • personality traits that appear in adolesnce are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations and lead to distress or impairement
  • 10 in DSM-5 but few are well researched
36
Q

Bordeline personality disorder

A
  • marked by instability in mood, identity and impulse control, often highly self destructive
  • mainly women, about 2% of pop
  • can worship or hate in relationships
37
Q

sociobiological model (BPD)

A

individuals with BPD often overreact to stress and experience lifelong difficulties regulating their emotions

38
Q

PSychopathic personality

A
  • superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self centerdness and risk taking
  • oerlaps with antisocial personality disorder
  • marked by lenghty history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions
  • primarily males, about 25% of the prison population
  • may stem from a deficit in fearm which makes behavior hard to control
  • may be perpetually under aroused which may explain risk taking
39
Q

dissociative disorders

A

involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception
- depersonalization disorder: feeling of detachment
- dissociative amnesia: inability to recall personal info (related to stress)
-

40
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities (alters)
- debate over the posttraumatic and soociocognitive models of the disorders

41
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality
  • kess than 1% of pop but over half of them in mental institutions
  • symptoms are delusions that are strongly held, fixed beliefs with no basis in reality
42
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • disorganized speech
  • echlolalia (repeating words)
  • catatonic symptoms: motor problems like ristance to complying with simple suggestions, holding body in rigid postures, or curling up
  • halluciantions
43
Q

factors and warning signs of schizophrenia

A

psychological factors play a role but only trigger it in persons with genetic vulnerabilities (Diathesis-stress model)
- warning signs include: social withdrawal, thought and movement problems, lack of emotions, decreased eye contact)

44
Q

disathesis-stress model

A

proposes that it is the interaction between genetic vulnerability and stressors that trigger illness

45
Q

Autistic spectrum disorder

A
  • severe deficits in language, social bonding, and imagination
  • dramatic increase in cases
  • not because of vaccines (that is illusory) more likely due to changes in diagnostic practices that include more mild forms
46
Q

ADHD

A
  • includes hyperactivity, inatentiveness and impulsiveness
  • 3-7% of school children (more males)
  • functional problems in adults and kids
  • genetically influenced and can be treated with stimulant medications

PSY202 - final (4 decks)

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