Treatments

Question 1

What are the 2 treatments for criminal behaviour?

Answer 1

-hormone therapy
-anger management

Question 2

Who is treated using hormone therapy?

Answer 2

-sex offenders
-violent agressive offenders

Question 3

What are some potential side effects of hormone treatment?

Answer 3

-can cause liver dysfunction
-breast enlargement
-osteoparosis
-depression

Question 4

Give 2 examples of the types of drugs used in this treatment and what they do

Answer 4

1. CPA= quickly reduces sexual drive and deviant fantasies
2. MPA= decreases the functioning of testosterone

Question 5

How is hormone therapy conducted?

Answer 5

MPA is given in the form of an intramuscular depot injection in dosage levels between 300-400mg every 7 to 10 days

Question 6

What are anti-androgens?

Answer 6

-male hormone
-androgens are the male hormone which is why it targets testosterone
-theyre used to lower testosterone levels which leads to a decrease sexual urges

Question 7

Why is hormone therapy used?

Answer 7

-it is used to lower testosterone levels which leads to the decrease of deviant and non-deviant sexual urges
-Anti-androgenic medication doesn’t require surgical intervention and is entirely reversible through withdraws of the drugs involved
-

Question 8

What do hormones do to the body and behaviours?

Answer 8

-hormones are chemical messengers that influence the nervous system to regulate behaviours of individuals, therefore possibly explaining how it can link to criminal behaviour

Question 9

What are Anger management programmes?

Answer 9

A cognitive behavioural therapy which helps someone to control angry outbursts

Question 10

What are the 3 core areas that are taught?

Answer 10

-relaxation techniques =slowing down a fast heart rate due to anger
-cognitive restructuring= restraining thought patterns to more desirable ones
-assertiveness training= dealing with the behavioural element of anger

Question 11

What are the 3 stages of anger management?

Answer 11

1. Cognitive preparation = offenders identify situations which are likely to invoke anger, so that the thought patterns can be challenged and negative consequences for their actions are considered
2. Skill acquisition= new coping skills are learned to help deal with the anger-provoking situations such as the ‘stop and think’ method. Relaxation techniques are also learned such as the slow breathing 1 to 10
3. Application practice= offenders role play a variety of scenarios to practice new anger controlling skills

Question 12

What is the rationale of CBT

Answer 12

-anger management assumes that the offenders inability to control their anger is the root cause of the offending
-according to Novaco, some offenders are more likely to see certain situations as stressful or threatening, leading to them reacting aggressively or violently rather than rationally
-as anger results from cognitive and behavioural problems, treatment needs to tackle them both

Question 13

What is CALM?

Answer 13

-stands for controlling anger and learning to manage it
-main AM in prisons
-consists of 24 two-hour sessions, which aim to reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of anger.
-helps ppts to control, monitor, and understand their emotions in order to prevent problematic behaviour
-the CALM sessions are practical, personal assignments, modelling, role-play, teamwork, and self and peer evaluation used to teach lasting change of inappropriate thought and behavioural patterns