Treatment Principles Lecture 14 Flashcards
What are the goals of therapeutic exercise and activities?
- Prevention of dysfunction
2. Restoration or improvement of ROM, Strength, Coordination, & Skill
What are four things that can be achieved by the improvement of ROM
- Enhanced positioning
- Ease of care by caregiver
- Enhanced ability to perform ADLs
- Prepare for strength
What are four goals of strength training?
- Development of strength
- Enhancement of strength
- Maintenance of strength
- Improve muscular and CV endurance
What is coordination?
Using the right muscles at the right time with correct intensity. It is the basis of smooth and efficient movement, often occurring automatically.
T/F Does coordination require an intact musculature?
True.
Name three therapeutic exercises for improvement of intramuscular coordination.
- Constant repetition of few motor activities
- Use of sensory cues to enhance motor performance
- Increase the speed of the activity
What are three things that cause decreased ROM?
- Systemic, joint, neurological, or muscular diseases
- Surgical or traumatic insults
- Inactivity or immobilization
T/F ROM activities are administrated to increase strength of muscles
False. ROM activities are administered to maintain existing joint and soft tissue mobility
T/F Passive ROM is the same as passive stretching
False Passive ROM is movement within unrestricted ROM produced by external force.
T/F There is no voluntary muscular contraction during passive ROM
True
What are three diagnoses you would use Passive ROM to treat?
- Comatose, or paralyzed
- Complete bed rest
- When Active ROM is painful
What do you do if a section of the body is immobilized?
A. Let the surrounding section remain immobile
B. Do ROM to regions above immobilized section only.
C. Do ROM to regions above and below immobilized region
C. Do ROM to regions above and below immobilized section
T/F Controlled passive ROM is used to decrease complications of immobilization
True. This is done by:
- Maintaining Joint integrity
- Maintaining elasticity of muscle
- Minimizing effects of formation of contractures
- Decrease & inhibit pain
- Maintain awareness of movement
What doesn’t passive ROM do? (3)
- Prevent atrophy of muscle
- Increase strength or endurance
- Assist circulation
T/F Passive ROM is contraindicated hen any motion is disruptive to healing
True.
T/F Early motion is demonstrated to decrease pain and increase rate of recovery
True
T/F When performing Passive ROM, the patient should be comfortable and free of restrictions
True
T/F When performing PROM, the therapist shouldn’t worry about using proper body mechanics
False
The therapist should use proper body mechanics when performing PROM
T/F When performing PROM, the therapist should not grasp around the joint
False, Control movement by grasping around joint, modify your grip based on subjective complaints
T/F Therapist can move client past their available range
False, The therapist should move through a pain free range and Should NOT force beyond available range
How many times should the therapist repeat PROM motions?
5-10 times in smooth movements
T/F Should the therapist monitor the client’s vital signs and pain level during and following treatment?
True. The therapist should document any observed or measurable reactions.
T/F Generally as strength increases, endurance increases.
True
Weakness can be caused by what? (3 things)
Disease, disuse, & immobilization
What are three goals of strength training?
Increased strength, increased endurance, & increased power.
Name three precautions to strength training
- Cardiovascular precautions-remind the patient to breath, no Valsalva
- Fatigue- general fatigue. Local fatigue is normal
- Osteoporosis
Name two contraindications to strength training
- inflammation
2. Pain- if during or more than 24 hours after
T/F Strength, endurance and power can be developed from isotonic exercises
True.
T/F Strength, endurance and power can be developed from isometric exercises
False, power can only develop with isotonic exercises
T/F It is not necessary to do isometric exercises through out the entire range of motion, doing one position will increase strength of entire muscle
False. Will only increase strength in position held, so you have to do it at different positions to get full ROM
Put these in order from easiest on weak muscles to hardest.
Isotonic-eccentric, Isometric, & Isotonic-concentric
Isometric, Isotonic- eccentric, Isotonic- concentric, then a combination of all
A ______ is the shortening of muscle or other tissues that cross a joint resulting in limitation of joint motion.
contracture
T/F Some contractures are permanent
True, fixed, or organic contractures result in a permanent loss of ROM when soft tissue is replaced by nonextensible tissue
T/F In Passive stretching, the therapist moves a client beyond the unrestricted range
True. The patient must be relaxed. The therapist controls direction, intensity and duration
Intensity and duration of passive stretching is dependent on______ and _______
patient tolerance and therapist’s strength and endurance
T/F It is not necessary to warm tissue before before doing passive stretching
False. Warm tissue first with either low intensity exercise or therapeutic heat
How long should you hold a stretch?
30 seconds
________ is a technique in which a patient reflexively relaxes the muscle to be stretched before stretching
Active inhibition
T/F Active inhibition is only possible with innervated muscle
True. Cannot be done on paralysis or neuromuscular dysfunction
What are four precautions of Active inhibition?
- Do not force past normal ROM
- Be careful with osteoporosis
- Guard newly united fractures
- If pain, or muscle soreness over 24 hours
Name 6 contraindication to active inhibition
- when bony block limits joint motion
- after recent fracture
- If acute inflammation around joint
- If any sharp acute pain when moving joint
- hematoma present
- if contracture is providing functional stability to joint
