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Kinesiology exam two > Neck and Trunk Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Neck and Trunk Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the vertebral column?

A
  • Base of support for head/internal organs
  • Links UE/LE
  • Provides mobility for trunk
  • Stable base to attach ligaments, bones, and mm of external rib cage/pelvis
  • Protects spinal cord
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2
Q

What are primary curves?

A
  • Thoracic and sacral-coccygeal: convex posteriorly
  • Exist at birth
  • Kyphotic curve
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3
Q

What are secondary curves?

A
  • Cervical and lumbar: concave posteriorly
  • Development help redistribute COG
  • Lordotic curve
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4
Q

What kind of joint is between vertebrae?

A
  • Diarthrodial plane joint (nonaxial gliding motion)

- BUT antlantoaxial is diarthrodial pivot

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5
Q

T or F:

Orientation of the facets determine types of motion that are available in spinal column.

A

TRUE, except cervical region

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6
Q

List the purposes of the intervertebral disc

A
  • Absorb shock

- Act as an axis for turning

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7
Q

What are the two components of the disc?

A
  • Nucleus pulposus: middle section

- Annulus fibrosus: dense ring of fibrocartilagenous fibers that enclose the n.p.

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8
Q

Name the movements of the vertebrae

A
  • Flexion (greatest in cervical and lumbar)
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension: greatest in cervical and lumbar, but limited by frontal orientation of facets
  • Lateral flexion: greatest in cervical area
  • Rotation: slight lateral flexion when rotation occurs below 7th cervical vertebrae
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9
Q

Intervertebral joint

A
  • Join vertebral bodies

- Synarthrodial joints

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10
Q

What movements occur at the cervical region and in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?

A 
-Rotation
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion
-Horizontal and frontal planes
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11
Q

What movements occur at the thoracic region in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?

A

-Lateral flexion
Rotation
-Frontal plane

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12
Q

What movements occur at the lumbar region in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?

A 
-Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion
-Sagittal plane
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13
Q

Describe the lumbosacral joint

A
  • Provides support for entire weight of body
  • Composed of 1st sacral segment, 5th lumbar, interposed disc
  • Built for stability
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14
Q

SI joint

A

Articulation of first 3 sacral vertebras with ilium

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15
Q

Ligaments

A

-Provide stability

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16
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • Runs down spinal column

- Limits extension of back

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17
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • Runs along anterior portion of vertebral canal

- Limits flexion

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18
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A
  • On posterior surface of vertebral canal

- Limits flexion, especially in lumbar region

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19
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A
  • Runs along tips of spinous processes of 7th cervical to sacrum
  • Slightly limits flexion
  • Prevents separation of spinous processes
20
Q

Interspinous ligament

A
  • In between processes
  • Slightly limits flexion
  • Prevents separation of spinous processes
21
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A
  • Runs from one transverse process to next

- Limit lateral flexion of trunk

22
Q

Describe C1 vertebrae

A
  • Atlas/shaped like a ring
  • Supports head
  • Flexion/extension
  • Pure pivot joint
23
Q

Describe C2 vertebrae

A
  • Axis/has dens
  • Comprised of atlantoaxial joint, atlanto-odontoid joint
  • Transverse ligament allows for rotation
24
Q

C3-C6

A
  • Big discs
  • Provide much stability
  • Allows motion in all directions
25
Q

C7

A
  • Transitional vertebra

- Prominent spinous process

26
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A
  • Acting together: prime mover for flexion of head/neck

- Acting alone: prime movies for lateral flexion of head/neck and rotating it to opposite side

27
Q

Scalene muscles

A
  • Together: assist in flexing head

- Alone: prime mover for lateral flexion

28
Q

Splenius capitis/cervicis

A

Together: Prime movers for extension/hyperextension of head and neck
Alone: Prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation to same side

29
Q

Suboccipital group

A
  • 4 muscles

- Together: assists in extension, lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side

30
Q

Deep posterior group(multifidus, interspinalis, rotatores, intertransversarii, levatores costarium)

A
  • These muscles stabilize the spine
  • Together:(bilaterally) prime movers in extension of head/neck
  • Unilaterally: prime movers in lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side.
31
Q

Deep posterior group(semispinalis cervicis, capitus, thoracis)

A
  • Bilaterally: prime movers for extension of head/trunk

- Unilaterally: prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side

32
Q

Erector spinae

A
  • Acts as brake doing lengthening eccentric contractions during controlled forward flexion
  • Bilaterally, is prime mover for extension/hyperextension of trunk and head
  • Unilaterally: prime mover in rotation to same side
33
Q

Preverterbral group(anterior muscles)

A

Together: assists in flexion of head/neck
Unilaterally: assist in lateral flexion of head/neck

34
Q

Which ligament stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint?

A

Transverse ligament

35
Q

What’s the function of the rectus abdominus, external/interal obliques?

A

-Act together to move thoracic lumbar spine, support trunk, assist with breathing, support abdominal organs

36
Q

What’s the linea alba?

A

Fibrous band that unites xiphoid and pubis

37
Q

Rectus abdominis

A
  • Bilaterally: prime movers for flexion of lumbar/thoracic spine
  • Unilaterally: assist with lateral flexion
38
Q

External oblique

A
  • Marked activity when straining/bearing down when breath is held (POOPING)
  • Bilaterally: prime mover for flexion of thoracic and lumbar spine
  • Unilaterally: prime mover for lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side
39
Q

Internal oblique

A
  • Most active of all ab muscles in ROTATION
  • Active when leaning backwards in supine
  • Bilaterally: flex thoracic/lumbar spine
  • Unilaterally: prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation to same side
40
Q

Vasalva maneuver

A

POOOPINGGNGNGNGNGNGNG

41
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A
  • Bilaterally: stabilizes pelvis and lumbar spine

- Unilaterally: prime mover in lateral flexion

42
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • Strong hip flexor

- Assist with lateral flexion and extension of lumbar spine

43
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A
  • Together: prime mover for extension of thoracic spine

- Unilaterally: prime mover for lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side of thoracic spine

44
Q

T or F:

Rotation is the freest motion in the thoracic region

A

TRUE

45
Q

T or F:

Flexion is very slight in thoracic region due to contact of spinous processes.

A

FALSE. Hyperextension

46
Q

Lumbar pelvic rhythm

A

Anterior pelvic tilt

47
Q

What happens when you bend over to touch your toes?

A
  • Lumbar flexion

- Anterior pelvic tilt

Kinesiology exam two (7 decks)

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