Neck and Trunk Lecture 8 Flashcards
What are the major functions of the vertebral column?
- Base of support for head/internal organs
- Links UE/LE
- Provides mobility for trunk
- Stable base to attach ligaments, bones, and mm of external rib cage/pelvis
- Protects spinal cord
What are primary curves?
- Thoracic and sacral-coccygeal: convex posteriorly
- Exist at birth
- Kyphotic curve
What are secondary curves?
- Cervical and lumbar: concave posteriorly
- Development help redistribute COG
- Lordotic curve
What kind of joint is between vertebrae?
- Diarthrodial plane joint (nonaxial gliding motion)
- BUT antlantoaxial is diarthrodial pivot
T or F:
Orientation of the facets determine types of motion that are available in spinal column.
TRUE, except cervical region
List the purposes of the intervertebral disc
- Absorb shock
- Act as an axis for turning
What are the two components of the disc?
- Nucleus pulposus: middle section
- Annulus fibrosus: dense ring of fibrocartilagenous fibers that enclose the n.p.
Name the movements of the vertebrae
- Flexion (greatest in cervical and lumbar)
- Extension
- Hyperextension: greatest in cervical and lumbar, but limited by frontal orientation of facets
- Lateral flexion: greatest in cervical area
- Rotation: slight lateral flexion when rotation occurs below 7th cervical vertebrae
Intervertebral joint
- Join vertebral bodies
- Synarthrodial joints
What movements occur at the cervical region and in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?
-Rotation Flexion Extension Hyperextension Lateral flexion -Horizontal and frontal planes
What movements occur at the thoracic region in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?
-Lateral flexion
Rotation
-Frontal plane
What movements occur at the lumbar region in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?
-Flexion Extension Hyperextension Lateral flexion -Sagittal plane
Describe the lumbosacral joint
- Provides support for entire weight of body
- Composed of 1st sacral segment, 5th lumbar, interposed disc
- Built for stability
SI joint
Articulation of first 3 sacral vertebras with ilium
Ligaments
-Provide stability
Anterior longitudinal ligament
- Runs down spinal column
- Limits extension of back
Posterior longitudinal ligament
- Runs along anterior portion of vertebral canal
- Limits flexion
Ligamentum flavum
- On posterior surface of vertebral canal
- Limits flexion, especially in lumbar region
Supraspinous ligament
- Runs along tips of spinous processes of 7th cervical to sacrum
- Slightly limits flexion
- Prevents separation of spinous processes
Interspinous ligament
- In between processes
- Slightly limits flexion
- Prevents separation of spinous processes
Intertransverse ligaments
- Runs from one transverse process to next
- Limit lateral flexion of trunk
Describe C1 vertebrae
- Atlas/shaped like a ring
- Supports head
- Flexion/extension
- Pure pivot joint
Describe C2 vertebrae
- Axis/has dens
- Comprised of atlantoaxial joint, atlanto-odontoid joint
- Transverse ligament allows for rotation
C3-C6
- Big discs
- Provide much stability
- Allows motion in all directions
C7
- Transitional vertebra
- Prominent spinous process
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Acting together: prime mover for flexion of head/neck
- Acting alone: prime movies for lateral flexion of head/neck and rotating it to opposite side
Scalene muscles
- Together: assist in flexing head
- Alone: prime mover for lateral flexion
Splenius capitis/cervicis
Together: Prime movers for extension/hyperextension of head and neck
Alone: Prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation to same side
Suboccipital group
- 4 muscles
- Together: assists in extension, lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side
Deep posterior group(multifidus, interspinalis, rotatores, intertransversarii, levatores costarium)
- These muscles stabilize the spine
- Together:(bilaterally) prime movers in extension of head/neck
- Unilaterally: prime movers in lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side.
Deep posterior group(semispinalis cervicis, capitus, thoracis)
- Bilaterally: prime movers for extension of head/trunk
- Unilaterally: prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side
Erector spinae
- Acts as brake doing lengthening eccentric contractions during controlled forward flexion
- Bilaterally, is prime mover for extension/hyperextension of trunk and head
- Unilaterally: prime mover in rotation to same side
Preverterbral group(anterior muscles)
Together: assists in flexion of head/neck
Unilaterally: assist in lateral flexion of head/neck
Which ligament stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint?
Transverse ligament
What’s the function of the rectus abdominus, external/interal obliques?
-Act together to move thoracic lumbar spine, support trunk, assist with breathing, support abdominal organs
What’s the linea alba?
Fibrous band that unites xiphoid and pubis
Rectus abdominis
- Bilaterally: prime movers for flexion of lumbar/thoracic spine
- Unilaterally: assist with lateral flexion
External oblique
- Marked activity when straining/bearing down when breath is held (POOPING)
- Bilaterally: prime mover for flexion of thoracic and lumbar spine
- Unilaterally: prime mover for lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side
Internal oblique
- Most active of all ab muscles in ROTATION
- Active when leaning backwards in supine
- Bilaterally: flex thoracic/lumbar spine
- Unilaterally: prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation to same side
Vasalva maneuver
POOOPINGGNGNGNGNGNGNG
Quadratus lumborum
- Bilaterally: stabilizes pelvis and lumbar spine
- Unilaterally: prime mover in lateral flexion
Iliopsoas
- Strong hip flexor
- Assist with lateral flexion and extension of lumbar spine
Semispinalis thoracis
- Together: prime mover for extension of thoracic spine
- Unilaterally: prime mover for lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side of thoracic spine
T or F:
Rotation is the freest motion in the thoracic region
TRUE
T or F:
Flexion is very slight in thoracic region due to contact of spinous processes.
FALSE. Hyperextension
Lumbar pelvic rhythm
Anterior pelvic tilt
What happens when you bend over to touch your toes?
- Lumbar flexion
- Anterior pelvic tilt
