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Psychopathology > Treatment of psychological disorders > Flashcards

Treatment of psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are efficacy studies? How does it work?

A

Control and internal validity

- Randomized controlled trials (treatment or placebo control groups)

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2
Q

What are effectiveness studies? How does it work?

A

External validity

- Examine outcomes of therapy in real world settings

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3
Q

What’re the symptoms for antipsychotic drugs?

A

2nd gen: + and - symptoms
1st gen: + symptoms only
- no tardive dyskinesia, weight gain

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4
Q

What’re the symptoms for antidepressants (tricyclic, MAOI)?

A

Tricyclic: fatal side effects with foods rich in amino acid
MAOI: side effects, toxic in high doses

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5
Q

What’re the symptoms for antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI)?

A

SSRI: prozac better tolerated, not fatal (inhibit uptake of serotonin)
SNRI: similar side effects to SSRIs (block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin)

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6
Q

What is the current state about SSRIs and suicide?

A
  • increased risk (can be anticipated and managed)
  • delay before clinically obvious improvements
  • Rollercoaster effect in mood
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of antianxiety drugs?

A
  • absorbed quickly
  • low dose: lower anxiety
  • high dose: sleep
  • addictive potential, withdrawal symptoms
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8
Q

What is lithium used for, what does it prevent, what does it affect in a toxic manner, why is there a delay and why can compliance be hard?

A
  1. Bipolar disorder
  2. Kidneys (blood monitoring)
  3. can’t patent
  4. miss highs, energy
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9
Q

When is ECT recommended?

A

Severe depression, suicidality

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10
Q

When is neurosurgery recommended?

A

Rare and severe and treatment-resistant cases of OCD, self-mutilation, anorexia

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11
Q

Medication vs. psychotherapy… (5)

A
  1. Mild forms: therapy
  2. Severe: psychiatrist (medoc) & therapy
  3. Medication faster than therapy
  4. Drugs don’t cutre psychological disorders
  5. Medication necessary in some cases
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12
Q

How can combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy be effective?

A
  • Medication can help engage in therapy

- Medication can help in the acute phase

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13
Q

What are the basic principles of psychodynamic therapy?

A
  1. Bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness where patient can deal with them
  2. Release energy from id-ego-superego
  3. Bring conflicts into conscious awareness
  4. Identify defense mechanisms
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14
Q

What is the free association technique? What does the therapist look for?

A
  • Words are given and you must say whatever comes to mind
  • Therapist looks for actual responses and hesitations
  • Give voice to repressed mental content
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15
Q

What is the dream analysis technique?

A
  • Input: Sensory stimulation, current concerns, unconscious id impulses
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16
Q

Dream analysis: what is manifest and latent content?

A

Manifest: actual content and sensory images
Latent: disguised meaning

17
Q

What is the analysis of resistance technique?

A

Unconscious avoidance of threatening material that the therapist attempts to identify the source of resistance

18
Q

What is the transference technique? What does the therapist work through?

A

Analyst becomes object of client’s feelings toward significant others.
- Resolving old conflicts in safety of the therapeutic setting

19
Q

What are the pros and cons of psychodynamic therapy?

A

Pros: today much shorter, less emphasis on psychosexual stages
Cons: long-term traditionally, expensive

20
Q

What is the minding of behaviour therapy?

A

Key to recovery is to learn new more functional behaviors

21
Q

Describe the exposure technique. (In vevo, imaginal, interoceptive)

A
  • Directly face the feared stimulus
  • Anixety diminishes over time and fear becomes extinguished
  • In vevo: pictures
  • Imaginal: imagine in mind
  • Interoceptive: for ppl with panic
22
Q

Describe the relaxation training technique.

A
  • To reduce levels of stress, anxiety, pain, anger, panic
  • Deep breathing
  • Increases self-efficacy
23
Q

Describe systematic desensitization. What is counterconditioning?

A
  • CC: replace fear response with relaxation response
  • 3 steps: relaxation training, construct fear hierarchy, imagine exposure to fear hierarchy while engaging in relaxation
24
Q

Describe modeling.

A
  • Learning new skills through imitation.

- Therapist performs behaviour required and client practices

25
Q

Describe social skills and assertiveness training. (4)

A
  1. Education
  2. Identifying problem areas
  3. Practice/role-play
  4. Apply to situations in real world
26
Q

Describe behavioural activation.

A
  • Activity schedule to increase positive activities and reduce avoidance
  • Start with short-term goals to build up to long-term goals
27
Q

Describe contingency management.

A
  • Introduce reinforcers for wanted behaviors and introduce punishers to eliminate unwanted behaviors
28
Q

What are the pros and cons of behaviour therapy?

A

Pros: highly scientific, works quickly
Cons: may not work with more complex problems, may only tackle observable symptoms, not hidden problems, only treats surface

29
Q

What does cognitive-behavioural therapy focus on?

A

Distorted thoughts and information processing

30
Q

What is a schema? (What is it influenced by?) What’re the 3 types of schemas?

A

Underlying mental representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of information

  • influenced by experiences, abilities and guide us through the world
  • World, self, others
31
Q

What do schemas help us do.

A

Useful, influence how we see and react to our environment, lead to vulnerability when distorted, organize and categorize

32
Q

What do you do when there is an alternative schema and when there is not?

A

Is: basic CT will work relatively quickly
Is not: clients will see evidence against their beliefs but will still say “I am bad”, must identify and strengthen alternative schemas

33
Q

What do cognitive distortions lead to?

A
  • Give rise to negative automatic thoughts, lead to faulty information processing/cognitive distortions (cause, maintain, intensity negative emotions)

Psychopathology (4 decks)

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