Diagnostic Classification Flashcards
What’re the pros for classification? (3)
- Science relies on classification (for treatments, causes, statistics, determine needs)
- Provides a naming system (structure info, easier for research and treatment)
- Practical (insurance, certain ppl can treat certain diagnoses)
What’re the disadvantages for classification?
- Loss of information
- Stigma associated with diagnosis (can produce fear of consequences)
- Stereotyping (part of stigma)
- Labeling (relief but negative - self-stigmatizing)
What can we do about stigma?
- Understand mental illness
- Make it less taboo
- Not try to hide that it’s real
- Listen to those in need
- Challenge misinformations
- Help others understand MI is a disease not a choice nor a weakness
- Share your story
- Be aware of your language
- Challenge media stereotypes
What are the 3 models of classification?
- Categorical
- Dimensional
- Prototypal
What is the categorical approach of classification?
- Behaviour is healthy or disordered
- Categories: discrete, non-overlapping, within-class homogeneity
- Comorbidity
What is dimensional approach of classification?
- Accessed on different dimensions
- Helps direct intervention
- abnormal behavior can be defined at low or high
What is the prototypal approach of classification?
- Identifies essential characteristics
- Might not have all identified characteristics
What are the goals for the updated DSM?
- Integrate new research knowledge
- Integrate with ICD
- Improve reliability of DSM4
- Introduce dimensional approach
- Enhance clinical usefulness
- Enhance cultural sensitivity
What are problems with the DSM?
- Categorical classification: nothing changed
- arbitrary rules: is it getting to inclusive?
- subjective
Why is a diagnosis important?
- Guiding treatment in many ways
What is the relationship of the person and the diagnosis?
Person = more than just a diagnosis
- Entire circumstance needs to be considered when making a treatment plan
What is epidemiology?
Study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behavior in a given population (frequency of a disorder)
What is prevalence?
Number of active cases in a population nin a given period of time (% of population with disorder within certain time frame)
What is incidence?
Number of new cases that occur over a given period of time (excludes existing ones)
What are risk factors?
Conditions or variables that’re associated with a higher risk of having the disorder
What’re protective factors?
Modify response to stressors such that one is less likely to experience adverse consequences (good relationships)
What is resilience?
Ability to adapt successfully to difficult situations
What is comorbidity?
Presence of 2 or more disorders in the same person
What are some barriers to treatment?
- Difficulty accessing system
- Big costs to private care and lack of insurance
- Attitudes
- Often with physician
- Less likely in foreign born individuals
What does a clinical psychologist adress?
- individual and group therapy
- specialized research and clinical work
What does a psychiatrist adress?
- prescribes medications
- monitors side effects
- can do therapy
What does a counselling psychologist adress?
- adjustment problems vs severe mental disorders
What does a counselling social worker adress?
- help resolve social problems
What does a psychiatric nurse adress?
- check in with patients on daily basis
- provide support to help cope with hospital environment
What does a marriage counsellor adress?
- counselling in marriage/couple and family
