Treatment of GI Infections Flashcards
What is the initial choice for treating clostridium difficile?
If we then see recurrence of C. diff after initial Tx, what agent should be used?
1) Oral vancomycin
2) Fidaxomicin
What is IV vancomycin primarily used for?
MRSA
What is the initial agent used to treat campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp, and Shigella spp?
If they patient is allergic to that drug what be used instead?
1) Ciprofloxacin
2) Azithromycin
What class of antibiotics are vancomycin?
What class are ciprofloxacin?
What class are fidaxomicin and azithromycin?
1) Glycopeptide
2) Fluoroquinolone
2) Macrolide
Benzimidazoles are used to combat?
Which one is for cutaneous use only?
1) Helminths
2) Thiabendazole
Which anthelmintic agent inhibits microtubule polymerization via beta-tubulin binding and inhibits mitochondrial fumarate reductase?
Which binds to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels to induce hyperpolarization resulting in a tonic paralysis of the worms’ nerves/musculature?
Which interferes with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction?
Which increases cell membrane permeability resulting in loss of intracellular calcium, massive contractions ending in paralysis of musculature?
Which is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that opens non-selective cation channels and induces a marked, persistent activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?
1) Benzimidazoles
2) Ivermectin
3) Nitazoxanide
4) Praziquantel
5) Pyrantel pamoate
Which Antiprotozoal is known to work similar to other aminoglycosides (30-s)?
Which two drugs are believed to serve as a pro-drug; activated by electron transfer process creating nitro-radicals which disrupts DNA, killing the organism?
Which part of the drug Atovaquone-Proguanil interferes with mitochondrial electron transport and ATP/pyrimidine biosynthesis?
Which part of the drug Atovaquone-Proguanil inhibits bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthetase enzyme of plasmodia resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and depletion of folate cofactors?
1) Paromomycin
2) Metronidazole and Tinidazole
3) Atovaquone
4) Proguanil
What is the agent of choice for the amebiasis Entamoeba histolytica?
Dual therapy of Metronidazole followed by Paromomycin
What is the agent of choice for the hookworms Ancylostoma spp and Necator americanus along with the roundworm ascaris lumbricoides?
Albendazole
What is the agent of choice for Giardia spp?
Metronidazole
What is the agent of choice for tapeworms in adult form such as Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia spp?
Praziquantel
What is the agent of choice for tapeworms in larval form such as Echinococcus granulosus?
What about for taenia solium (cysticercosis)?
1) Dual therapy with Albendazole + Praziquantel
2) Albendazole
What is the agent of choice for the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis?
Mebendazole
What is the agent of choice for schistosoma spp?
Praziquantel
What is the agent of choice for the threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis?
Ivermectin
