Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
Who is more at risk of CVD before age 50?
Men
Who is more at risk of CVD after age 50?
Women
What are the manifestations of cardiovascular disease?
Myocardial infarction (heart attack), strokes, gangrene
How does a myocardial infarction result in heart failure?
The heart attack will result in death of tissue which becomes non-functional. This means the heart will grow bigger and more muscular and have more extracellular matrix which will prevent the heart’s ability to fill
What are risk factors of atherosclerosis?
Diabetes Hypertension Obesity Smoking Inactivity
What are primary preventative treatments?
Prevents establishment of CVD
What are secondary preventative treatments?
Prevents symptomatic CVD
What are tertiary preventative treatments?
Limits the symptoms to improve quality of life
What is the main role of statins?
Reduce serum cholesterol levels
Describe the process of cholesterol synthesis
Acetyl CoA is turned to HMG CoA
HMG CoA is turned to mevalonate by HMG CoA reductase
Mevalonate is turned to cholesterol
Cholesterol is turned to low density lipoprotein to be transported to muscle tissue
Low density lipoprotein is turned to high density lipoprotein to be returned to the liver
What is the mechanisms of statins?
Statins inhibit HMG CoA reductase to prevent cholesterol production
This increases low density lipoprotein production increasing to compensate which decreases serum cholesterol
How does aspirin limit thrombus formation?
Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase 1 which catalyses production of prostaglandins and thromboxane
What affect does aspirin have on platelets?
Produces TxA2 to promote platelet aggregation
What affect does COX1 have on endothelium
Produces prostaglandins which reduce aggregation and more COX1 production
Describe the mechanism of clopidogrel
Acts on P2Y receptors and antagonises them. P2Y receptors promote aggregation and so the antagonism of them will result in less aggregation
