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Module 3 > Treatment Of Cancer > Flashcards

Treatment Of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is surgery used for?

A

Diagnosis, prevent, stage and treat

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2
Q

Example of a diagnostic

A

Biopsy

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3
Q

Example of primary

A

mastectomy

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4
Q

Prophylactic

A

Hysterectomy

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5
Q

Palliative

A

To relieve pain

Like a benign tumor growing and causing pain

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6
Q

Palliative

A

To relieve pain
Ex benign tumor causing pain

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7
Q

Reconstructive

A

Going in and having an augmentation after mastectomy

Ex surgeon puts in spacer during a mastectomy

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8
Q

A punch biopsy

A

Typically closed with sutures

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9
Q

Fine needle

A

23-30 gauge needle
Aspirate fluid
Pretty superficial, or breast
Least painful

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10
Q

Core needle

A

12 gauge needle
Liver, kidney go right in and retract specimen
Most painful

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11
Q

Surgery as a primary treatment

A

Debunking
Radical excision
Salvage surgery

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12
Q

Debunking

A

Remove as much of the tumor

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13
Q

Radical excision

A

Can be disfiguring and alter function

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14
Q

Salvage surgery

A

Extensive surgery to the site at which periodic therapies have failed

Ex modified radical mastectomy or radical neck dissection

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15
Q

Care of a surgical pt

A

Incision care
Prevent infection
Manage pain
Education on care of drains, s/s of infection
Dietary intake to promote healing ( protein and vitamin c)

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16
Q

Goal of radiation therapy

A

Elimination of cancerous cells

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17
Q

What cells does radiation and chemotherapy affect?

A

Rapidly proliferating cells
GI and hair

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18
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Energy to kill tumors
Shrink tumors
Eliminate cancer cells
Damages cells DNA
Healthy cells can also be damaged
Treatment of choice for localized cancer

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19
Q

Benefits of radiation

A

Used before surgery to shrink tumors
Given before during or after chemo
Palliative: shrink tumors, reduce pressure pain and other symptoms

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20
Q

Radiation toxicity

A

1 Fatigue

Anemia
N&V
Thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

What is one of our nursing priority

A

Breathing and proper nutrition

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22
Q

Internal or brachytherapy

A

Spares normal tissue
Give off some radiation so pregnant women and children should avoid exposure to pt
Nursing care in the room less than 60 minutes a shift (goes for visitors as well)

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23
Q

Side effects of brachytherapy

A

Fatigue
Anorexia
Immunosuppression
Not skin breakdown like external or teletherapy would

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24
Q

Client education for temporary brachytherapy

A

Avoid close contact until treatment is complete
No contact with pregnant women
Bed rest to prevent dislodging radioactive source
Maintain balance diet consider small frequent meals
Maintain fluid in taking 2-3 liters /day

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25
Q

If a brachytherapy needle become dislodged you would

A

Pick it up with gloved hands and long forceps to put in an lead container

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26
Q

People with external teletherapy markings

A

Do not wash them off

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27
Q

Side effects of radiation

A

Fatigue
Skin changes
Alopecia
Immunosuppresion
Radiation pneumonia
Ulceration of oral mucous membranes
GI N&v diarrhea
Symptoms increase as treatment progresses

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28
Q

How long do you protect the skin for after radiation?

A

Up to a year

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29
Q

Chemotherapy

A

\the use of anti cancer drugs to eliminate cancer but it eliminates healthy cells as well

30
Q

What is the number 1 cause of death for pt getting chemo therapy

A

Sepsis

31
Q

Who can administer medication the a chemo pt?

A

A chemo certified nurse

32
Q

Who give the chemo pt chemo

A

A chemo certified nurse

33
Q

What is important to monitor on someone receiving chemo

A

Labs

34
Q

Protocol for chemo therapy

A

Two chemo certified nurses checks drug with pt with the orders
Check potency of line of the port
Set the pump together with another chemo certified nurse to make sure it is correct
ALWAYS CHECK LABS

35
Q

What is important to check if a chemo pt is given steriods?

A

Check glucose. Don’t give chemo if liver enzymes are out of whack

(Steriods are given to help inflammation and irritability with an organ )

36
Q

What else can we prevent by checking the patency (blood return) to make sure that the needle is in the port

A

Extravasation

37
Q

Pt teaching guidelines

A

Teach family members and visitors.. handwashing!!

38
Q

What happens when you get a mastectomy and have to go chemo after?

A

You have to wait 6 weeks before you start chemo because it delays healing

39
Q

48-72 hours following chemo

A

Flush toilet twice
Rinse toilets with bleach once a day
Caregiver should wear gloves if in contact with any body fluids contaminated laundry
Avoid sexually activity
***use two forms of birth control

40
Q

When handling chemo drugs, body fluids of pt within 48 hours of chemo

A

Always wear ppe just in case of accidental spills

41
Q

Where do you throw empty bags

A

Chemo hazard container

42
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Boost immune system which creates an enviroment that is conductive for cancer cells to grow

Causes flu like symptoms not as bad as chemo

43
Q

Immuno therapy

A

Triggers your own body to fight the cancer
Flu symptoms but not as toxic as chemo

44
Q

Targeted therapy

A

Interferes with cancer growth targets specific receptors important in tumor development

Flu like symptom bone marrow suppression

45
Q

1 side effect with chemo therapy is

A

N&V

46
Q

More side effects of chemo

A

N&V
Alopecia
Stomatitis
Pain
Enteritis
Pain
Diarrhea
Anemia
Fatigue
Myelosuppression
Pancytopenia
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia

47
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Decrease in all of you cells

48
Q

Stomatitis

A

Do a good mouth assessment

49
Q

Why is the mouth effected in chemo?

A

Rapidly proliferation cells

50
Q

Acute N&v

A

Vomiting 24 hours after treatment

51
Q

Delayed N&v

A

You feel great until you get chemo 4-4 days later you get nauseated

52
Q

Anticipatory n&V

A

Pt tasting the chemo and getting sick while nurse is getting it ready

53
Q

If a pt has anticipatory N&v what should you do as a nurse

A

Believe them and think of different ways you can try to help them

54
Q

When do you start a pt on Ondansetron

A

30 min before chemo starts and then doses every 6 hours for 72 hours

55
Q

Anorexia Cachexia syndrome

A

Loss of skeletal muscle and fat - not starvation
Combination of not wanting to eat and cancer eating everything
End result of cancer

56
Q

Immunosuppression

A

Kills more pt than cancer itself
They are given prophylactic antifungal , antivirals and antibacterial

57
Q

Nadir

A

Lowest point a blood cell count will get

58
Q

What is the first sign that a person is going sepsis

A

RESPIRATIONS ARE GOING UP
B/p go down
Hr goes up

59
Q

If someone comes in with an infection what do you do

A

Check respirations

60
Q

Neutropenic precautions

A

Wash hands frequently
Low bacteria diet
No fresh flowers pants pets fruits or vegetables
Avoid crowds
No visitors with infections
No immunizations, no live vaccine like flu and pneumonia

61
Q

Patient education for thrombocytopenia

A

Monitor bleeding in stool or bladder
Electric razor
If you have trauma put ice of it immediately
Use a soft bristle tooth brush

62
Q

Nursing management for thrombocytopenia

A

Monitor platelet count
Monitor stools and urine for occult blood
Assess skin for ecchymosis, petechia and trauma at least every shift
Educative client about bleeding and safety precautions
Avoid IM injections ad limit venipuncters

63
Q

Pain managment

A

Pain scale
Assess pain at every encounter
Administer analgesics
Teach pain relief measures
Distraction imagery
Relaxation
Teach therapy

64
Q

Nursing managements for chemo brain

A

Calendar or day planner
Write everything down
Excercise the brain
Physical activity
Ask for support
If it persist- Alzheimer drugs

65
Q

Ascites

A

Late sign of cancer =, usually a poor prognosis

Watch b/p

66
Q

What diets can promote healing

A

Vitamin c and protein

67
Q

Debunking

A

Remove as much of tumor as possible

68
Q

Salvage surgery

A

Chemo didnt work so now they try surgery

69
Q

Mastectomy

A

Simple
Modified radical
Radical

70
Q

Radical surgery

A

Eevevvvvvveerrryyythaaaannnggg

71
Q

Modified

A

Leave the lymph nodes

72
Q

What is key to help with radiation?

A

Keep the pt hydrated to flush out radiation
At lease 2-3 liters a day

Module 3 (7 decks)

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