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Module 3 > Treatment Of Cancer > Flashcards

Treatment Of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is surgery used for?

A

Diagnosis, prevent, stage and treat

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2
Q

Example of a diagnostic

A

Biopsy

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3
Q

Example of primary

A

mastectomy

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4
Q

Prophylactic

A

Hysterectomy

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5
Q

Palliative

A

To relieve pain

Like a benign tumor growing and causing pain

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6
Q

Palliative

A

To relieve pain
Ex benign tumor causing pain

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7
Q

Reconstructive

A

Going in and having an augmentation after mastectomy

Ex surgeon puts in spacer during a mastectomy

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8
Q

A punch biopsy

A

Typically closed with sutures

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9
Q

Fine needle

A

23-30 gauge needle
Aspirate fluid
Pretty superficial, or breast
Least painful

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10
Q

Core needle

A

12 gauge needle
Liver, kidney go right in and retract specimen
Most painful

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11
Q

Surgery as a primary treatment

A

Debunking
Radical excision
Salvage surgery

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12
Q

Debunking

A

Remove as much of the tumor

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13
Q

Radical excision

A

Can be disfiguring and alter function

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14
Q

Salvage surgery

A

Extensive surgery to the site at which periodic therapies have failed

Ex modified radical mastectomy or radical neck dissection

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15
Q

Care of a surgical pt

A

Incision care
Prevent infection
Manage pain
Education on care of drains, s/s of infection
Dietary intake to promote healing ( protein and vitamin c)

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16
Q

Goal of radiation therapy

A

Elimination of cancerous cells

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17
Q

What cells does radiation and chemotherapy affect?

A

Rapidly proliferating cells
GI and hair

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18
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Energy to kill tumors
Shrink tumors
Eliminate cancer cells
Damages cells DNA
Healthy cells can also be damaged
Treatment of choice for localized cancer

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19
Q

Benefits of radiation

A

Used before surgery to shrink tumors
Given before during or after chemo
Palliative: shrink tumors, reduce pressure pain and other symptoms

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20
Q

Radiation toxicity

A

1 Fatigue

Anemia
N&V
Thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

What is one of our nursing priority

A

Breathing and proper nutrition

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22
Q

Internal or brachytherapy

A

Spares normal tissue
Give off some radiation so pregnant women and children should avoid exposure to pt
Nursing care in the room less than 60 minutes a shift (goes for visitors as well)

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23
Q

Side effects of brachytherapy

A

Fatigue
Anorexia
Immunosuppression
Not skin breakdown like external or teletherapy would

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24
Q

Client education for temporary brachytherapy

A

Avoid close contact until treatment is complete
No contact with pregnant women
Bed rest to prevent dislodging radioactive source
Maintain balance diet consider small frequent meals
Maintain fluid in taking 2-3 liters /day

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25
If a brachytherapy needle become dislodged you would
Pick it up with gloved hands and long forceps to put in an lead container
26
People with external teletherapy markings
Do not wash them off
27
Side effects of radiation
Fatigue Skin changes Alopecia Immunosuppresion Radiation pneumonia Ulceration of oral mucous membranes GI N&v diarrhea Symptoms increase as treatment progresses
28
How long do you protect the skin for after radiation?
Up to a year
29
Chemotherapy
\the use of anti cancer drugs to eliminate cancer but it eliminates healthy cells as well
30
What is the number 1 cause of death for pt getting chemo therapy
Sepsis
31
Who can administer medication the a chemo pt?
A chemo certified nurse
32
Who give the chemo pt chemo
A chemo certified nurse
33
What is important to monitor on someone receiving chemo
Labs
34
Protocol for chemo therapy
Two chemo certified nurses checks drug with pt with the orders Check potency of line of the port Set the pump together with another chemo certified nurse to make sure it is correct ALWAYS CHECK LABS
35
What is important to check if a chemo pt is given steriods?
Check glucose. Don’t give chemo if liver enzymes are out of whack (Steriods are given to help inflammation and irritability with an organ )
36
What else can we prevent by checking the patency (blood return) to make sure that the needle is in the port
Extravasation
37
Pt teaching guidelines
Teach family members and visitors.. handwashing!!
38
What happens when you get a mastectomy and have to go chemo after?
You have to wait 6 weeks before you start chemo because it delays healing
39
48-72 hours following chemo
Flush toilet twice Rinse toilets with bleach once a day Caregiver should wear gloves if in contact with any body fluids contaminated laundry Avoid sexually activity ***use two forms of birth control
40
When handling chemo drugs, body fluids of pt within 48 hours of chemo
Always wear ppe just in case of accidental spills
41
Where do you throw empty bags
Chemo hazard container
42
Immunotherapy
Boost immune system which creates an enviroment that is conductive for cancer cells to grow Causes flu like symptoms not as bad as chemo
43
Immuno therapy
Triggers your own body to fight the cancer Flu symptoms but not as toxic as chemo
44
Targeted therapy
Interferes with cancer growth targets specific receptors important in tumor development Flu like symptom bone marrow suppression
45
#1 side effect with chemo therapy is
N&V
46
More side effects of chemo
N&V Alopecia Stomatitis Pain Enteritis Pain Diarrhea Anemia Fatigue Myelosuppression Pancytopenia Leukopenia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia
47
Pancytopenia
Decrease in all of you cells
48
Stomatitis
Do a good mouth assessment
49
Why is the mouth effected in chemo?
Rapidly proliferation cells
50
Acute N&v
Vomiting 24 hours after treatment
51
Delayed N&v
You feel great until you get chemo 4-4 days later you get nauseated
52
Anticipatory n&V
Pt tasting the chemo and getting sick while nurse is getting it ready
53
If a pt has anticipatory N&v what should you do as a nurse
Believe them and think of different ways you can try to help them
54
When do you start a pt on Ondansetron
30 min before chemo starts and then doses every 6 hours for 72 hours
55
Anorexia Cachexia syndrome
Loss of skeletal muscle and fat - not starvation Combination of not wanting to eat and cancer eating everything End result of cancer
56
Immunosuppression
Kills more pt than cancer itself They are given prophylactic antifungal , antivirals and antibacterial
57
Nadir
Lowest point a blood cell count will get
58
What is the first sign that a person is going sepsis
RESPIRATIONS ARE GOING UP B/p go down Hr goes up
59
If someone comes in with an infection what do you do
Check respirations
60
Neutropenic precautions
Wash hands frequently Low bacteria diet No fresh flowers pants pets fruits or vegetables Avoid crowds No visitors with infections No immunizations, no live vaccine like flu and pneumonia
61
Patient education for thrombocytopenia
Monitor bleeding in stool or bladder Electric razor If you have trauma put ice of it immediately Use a soft bristle tooth brush
62
Nursing management for thrombocytopenia
Monitor platelet count Monitor stools and urine for occult blood Assess skin for ecchymosis, petechia and trauma at least every shift Educative client about bleeding and safety precautions Avoid IM injections ad limit venipuncters
63
Pain managment
Pain scale Assess pain at every encounter Administer analgesics Teach pain relief measures Distraction imagery Relaxation Teach therapy
64
Nursing managements for chemo brain
Calendar or day planner Write everything down Excercise the brain Physical activity Ask for support If it persist- Alzheimer drugs
65
Ascites
Late sign of cancer =, usually a poor prognosis Watch b/p
66
What diets can promote healing
Vitamin c and protein
67
Debunking
Remove as much of tumor as possible
68
Salvage surgery
Chemo didnt work so now they try surgery
69
Mastectomy
Simple Modified radical Radical
70
Radical surgery
Eevevvvvvveerrryyythaaaannnggg
71
Modified
Leave the lymph nodes
72
What is key to help with radiation?
Keep the pt hydrated to flush out radiation At lease 2-3 liters a day

Module 3 (7 decks)

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