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Module 3 > Cvpd > Flashcards

Cvpd Flashcards

1
Q

Warfarin (hey mr. Coumadin)

A

Treatment for DVT
Antidote- vitamin k and ffp

Always alert caregiver before any medical treatment

Report any bleeding

Avoid foods high in vitamin k ***

Becareful with meds like ib profin

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2
Q

Heparin

A

Used to treat DVT
Antedote -Protomine sulfate
Anti xa

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3
Q

If a pt has a blank done they have to be on some kind of anticoagulant for the rest of their life

A

Mechanical valve

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4
Q

The amount of blood pumped in one minute

A

Cardiac output

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5
Q

The most common diagnosis in the United States

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

What is it called when hyper tension is not caused by another disease process

A

Primary hypertension

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7
Q

This is when hypertension has caused damage to other organs

A

Complicated HTN

Example : a pt has hypertension and now their kidneys are effected

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8
Q

Which part of the heart pushes blood to the body

A

The left ventricle

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9
Q

What is the diet called that includes whole grains, fresh fruits , low carb., NA etc

A

DASH diet

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10
Q

Side effects of this medication includes orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, vertigo, and tachycardia

A

Alpha blockers

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11
Q

It is important to monitor potassium with this med

A

Feurosimide

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12
Q

what is a diuretic that is mainly used to treat hypertension?

A

HCTV
Hydrochlorothiazide

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13
Q

What is it called it called when you have a decrease of a systolic of 20 mmhm and systolic of 10 mmHg

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

What is your most important nursing intervention ?

A

Safety!! Prevent falls

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15
Q

T or f vasoconstriction can lead to increase bp

A

True

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16
Q

Accumulation of lipid or fatty tissue in the vessel walls is called

A

Arteriosclerosis

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17
Q

What are age gender and ethnicity

A

Nonmodifiable risk factors

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18
Q

Which chol level do we want to be high

A

HDL

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19
Q

Inadequate blood flow or oxygen content is called what

A

Ischemia

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20
Q

What is called when o2 is completely cut off

A

Infarction

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21
Q

Angina that is predictable on exertion

A

Stable angina

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22
Q

This indicates injury or infarction on ekg

A

St elevation

We want to catch it at depression when it is just ischemia

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23
Q

The most specific lab that is used to identify cardiac injury

A

Troponin

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24
Q

What is the most specific lab for heart failure

A

BNP

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25
Q

What is the diagnostic test to look at heart wall motion and valve function

A

Echo

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26
Q

Do not give if the pt has recently taken an erectile dysfunction medication

A

Nitro

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27
Q

This is a common side effect of nitroglycerin

A

Headache
Give Tylenol

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28
Q

What lab do you monitor when giving ENOXAPARIN

A

Platelets

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29
Q

What’s your acronym to guide the treatment of MI

A

MOANA
Morphine
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin

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30
Q

If your patient urine output is less than what you should contact the physician

A

30 ml per hour

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31
Q

When a heart valve never completely closes and blood continue to flow what is it called

A

Regurgitation

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32
Q

Vitamin k is the antedote for what

A

Warfarin and Coumadin

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33
Q

Classic signs of this condition is focused on wheezing and sob

A

Left sided heart failure

34
Q

A classic assessment in right sided heart failure is

A

Edema

35
Q

Asthma pt should avoid which cardiac medication

A

Beta blockazzzz

36
Q

A heart failure client is being discharged home how should they assess their fluid

A

Daily weights

37
Q

This leg pain is while walking and goes away on rest

A

Intermittent Claud

38
Q

Use of this type of medication puts pt at greater risk of DVT

A

Oral contraceptives

39
Q

Furosemide

A

Used to pull out extra fluid , for edema
Will decrease potassium , can cause dysrhythmias

40
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

It is a diuretic but not used for the diuretic effect, it is used for HTN
Keep an eye out for electrolytes
Can be used alone or in combination w other meds

41
Q

Hypertension nursing care

A

Daily weight
I &O
Urine output
Response of b/p
Electrolyte
Take pulse
Ischemic episodes. Transient ischemic attack
C CAD CRF CHF CVA (cerebral vascular accident)

42
Q

Ace inhibitors

A

Ends in pril
Prevention of any further damage
Also increases renal perfusion
Can be combined with b blockers
Can cause productive cough

used for HTN and treat MI, CHF
Decrease bp and cardiac workload

43
Q

B blockers

A

Ends in olol

Used for HTN, angina, MI (reduce incident of any further attack)
Decrease HR, force of contraction and a-v conduction
Decrease cardiac output
Side effect bronchospasms, lethargy, Brady cardia, CHF, decrease bp, depression
Can mimic s/s of hypoglycemia
Never abruptly stop

44
Q

Calcium antagonist/channel blocker

A

Verapamil
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
(Very nice drugs)
DO NOT take with grapefruit juice- will increase CCB
Used for HTN, angina
Decrease in:
Contractility
Conductivity of the heart =
Demand for o2

Do not give to a pt with heart failure

45
Q

What are some drugs that can cause secondary hypertension?

A

Oral contraceptives
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids

46
Q

What drugs are lipid lowering

A

Statins
Niacin
Fibrates

47
Q

Statin

A

Statinsslow down LDL raise hdl
Watch liver function test with these
As we are giving meds the chol will be excreted in the liver so we want to make sure we are not over working it

Most ppl are allergic s/s are muscle tenderness and weakness
Not recommended for women of child bearing age
Metabolized better at night

48
Q

Niacin

A

B vitamin
Can be used for minimially elevated chol levels or can be used alongside of a statin
S/s- flushing

49
Q

How can flushing be avoided with niacin ?

A

Take a 325 mg aspirin 30 minutes before niacin

50
Q

Fibrates

A

Gemfibrozil
Help decrease ldl levels

51
Q

When you start a pt on cholesterol medicine

A

Bring them back every 6 weeks for the first 6 months or until the goal is reached

52
Q

Stress test

A

Will show when pt starts to have chest pain and if they dye gets sucked up or not. If it doesn’t it indicates damage

53
Q

Echo

A

Shows heart wall motion
Do we have an effective pump
Is blood flowing the right direction
Do we have enough cardiac output

54
Q

What is given with to treat angina and or assessments?

A

Oxygen ( always initiate o2 at onset of chest pain)

Nitroglycerin/ nitro

PQRST pain assessment
Vital signs
Resperatory

55
Q

What is important to watch for someone with edema?

A

LUNGS first!!
Next Skin!

56
Q

Why should you never abruptly stop taking metoprolol

A

Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause rebound hypertension

57
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Can primarily dilate veins but at higher doses dilate arteries as well

58
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Primarily dilates veins but at higher doses dilate arteries as well

59
Q

Aspirin

A

Not usually for pain but for blood clots
Anti inflammatory
Anti pain
Anti pyretic
Anti platelet regurgitation

Watch for gi bleeding
Stomach pain tinnitus
Thrombocytopenia

60
Q

Clopidogrel (plavix)

A

“When platelets gather together use plavix for crowd control”

61
Q

Echo is used to diagnose

A

Heart failure and valve disorders

62
Q

PAD

A

Intermittent claudication pain
No edema
No pulse or weak pulse no drainage
Round smooth sores
Black eschar
Loacation of sores toes and feet

63
Q

PVD

A

Dull achy pain
Lower leg edema
Pulse present
Drainage
Sores with irregular borders
Yellow slough or ruddy skin
Location of ankles

64
Q

When should you monitor for dysrhythmias ?

A

Furosemide (low potassium)
PCA
CCCA (cardiac cath)

65
Q

surgical interventions for coronary artery disease

A

Cardiac cath CCCA
PERCUTANEOUS transluminal interventions
Coronary artery bypass

66
Q

What is the PERCUTANEOUS coronary interventions?

A

PCTA , coronary artery stent

67
Q

BNP

A

Lab for CHF

68
Q

Digoxin

A

A fib a flutter, systolic
Check apical pulse for 1min
Call monitor tech to watch rhythm
Watch potassium
Digoxin toxcicity
Avoid with pt with MI

Digivine-antedote

Hold if pulse is less than 60

69
Q

CHF treatment

A

Upright position
Nitrates
LASIX
Oxygen
Ace inhibitor
Digoxin

Fluids(decrease)
After load (decrease)
Sodium restriction
Test (digoxin level, ABGs, potassium levels)

70
Q

DVT:virchows triead

A

Venous stasis
Vessel wall injury
altered blood coagulation

71
Q

If you have a mechanical valve you are more than likely to take blank for the resto of your life

A

Anticoagulant- to prevent blood clots

72
Q

Anticoagulants:

A

Warfarin
ENOXAPARIN
Heparin

73
Q

When are you most at risk for digoxin channel blocker?

A

When you are low on potassium (common trigger hypokalemia)

74
Q

ARBS-losartan

A

Good to use if intolerant to ace
HTN, CHF

75
Q

How does HTN affect vessels?

A

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Inflammatory response

76
Q

Eval of chest pain

A

Stress test
Echo
Cardiac cath

77
Q

Cardiac cath post op

A

Assess Catheter site for bleeding or hematoma
Check 5 ps
Monitor dysrhythmias
Bed rest 2-6 hrs
Affected extremity straight
HOB no greater than 30
Encourage fluid in take why?
Safety!!

78
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Same pre op and post op as ccca

79
Q

PCI
Percutaneous coronary interventions

A

PTCA
Coronary artery stent

80
Q

What is acute coronary artery syndrome an umbrella term for

A

Unstable angina and MI

81
Q

Skin hair and nail changes during PAD

A

Cool and pale
White or blanched (when elevated)
Rubor(reddish discoloration in dependent position)
Loss of hair
Brittle nails
Dry shiny scaly skin
Ulcerations
Bruits
Cyanosis
Gangrenous

82
Q

Venous insufficiency

A

Chronic venous stasis
Edema
Brownish discoloration
Pain

Module 3 (7 decks)

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