Cvpd Flashcards
Warfarin (hey mr. Coumadin)
Treatment for DVT
Antidote- vitamin k and ffp
Always alert caregiver before any medical treatment
Report any bleeding
Avoid foods high in vitamin k ***
Becareful with meds like ib profin
Heparin
Used to treat DVT
Antedote -Protomine sulfate
Anti xa
If a pt has a blank done they have to be on some kind of anticoagulant for the rest of their life
Mechanical valve
The amount of blood pumped in one minute
Cardiac output
The most common diagnosis in the United States
Hypertension
What is it called when hyper tension is not caused by another disease process
Primary hypertension
This is when hypertension has caused damage to other organs
Complicated HTN
Example : a pt has hypertension and now their kidneys are effected
Which part of the heart pushes blood to the body
The left ventricle
What is the diet called that includes whole grains, fresh fruits , low carb., NA etc
DASH diet
Side effects of this medication includes orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, vertigo, and tachycardia
Alpha blockers
It is important to monitor potassium with this med
Feurosimide
what is a diuretic that is mainly used to treat hypertension?
HCTV
Hydrochlorothiazide
What is it called it called when you have a decrease of a systolic of 20 mmhm and systolic of 10 mmHg
Orthostatic hypotension
What is your most important nursing intervention ?
Safety!! Prevent falls
T or f vasoconstriction can lead to increase bp
True
Accumulation of lipid or fatty tissue in the vessel walls is called
Arteriosclerosis
What are age gender and ethnicity
Nonmodifiable risk factors
Which chol level do we want to be high
HDL
Inadequate blood flow or oxygen content is called what
Ischemia
What is called when o2 is completely cut off
Infarction
Angina that is predictable on exertion
Stable angina
This indicates injury or infarction on ekg
St elevation
We want to catch it at depression when it is just ischemia
The most specific lab that is used to identify cardiac injury
Troponin
What is the most specific lab for heart failure
BNP
What is the diagnostic test to look at heart wall motion and valve function
Echo
Do not give if the pt has recently taken an erectile dysfunction medication
Nitro
This is a common side effect of nitroglycerin
Headache
Give Tylenol
What lab do you monitor when giving ENOXAPARIN
Platelets
What’s your acronym to guide the treatment of MI
MOANA
Morphine
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
If your patient urine output is less than what you should contact the physician
30 ml per hour
When a heart valve never completely closes and blood continue to flow what is it called
Regurgitation
Vitamin k is the antedote for what
Warfarin and Coumadin
Classic signs of this condition is focused on wheezing and sob
Left sided heart failure
A classic assessment in right sided heart failure is
Edema
Asthma pt should avoid which cardiac medication
Beta blockazzzz
A heart failure client is being discharged home how should they assess their fluid
Daily weights
This leg pain is while walking and goes away on rest
Intermittent Claud
Use of this type of medication puts pt at greater risk of DVT
Oral contraceptives
Furosemide
Used to pull out extra fluid , for edema
Will decrease potassium , can cause dysrhythmias
Hydrochlorothiazide
It is a diuretic but not used for the diuretic effect, it is used for HTN
Keep an eye out for electrolytes
Can be used alone or in combination w other meds
Hypertension nursing care
Daily weight
I &O
Urine output
Response of b/p
Electrolyte
Take pulse
Ischemic episodes. Transient ischemic attack
C CAD CRF CHF CVA (cerebral vascular accident)
Ace inhibitors
Ends in pril
Prevention of any further damage
Also increases renal perfusion
Can be combined with b blockers
Can cause productive cough
used for HTN and treat MI, CHF
Decrease bp and cardiac workload
B blockers
Ends in olol
Used for HTN, angina, MI (reduce incident of any further attack)
Decrease HR, force of contraction and a-v conduction
Decrease cardiac output
Side effect bronchospasms, lethargy, Brady cardia, CHF, decrease bp, depression
Can mimic s/s of hypoglycemia
Never abruptly stop
Calcium antagonist/channel blocker
Verapamil
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
(Very nice drugs)
DO NOT take with grapefruit juice- will increase CCB
Used for HTN, angina
Decrease in:
Contractility
Conductivity of the heart =
Demand for o2
Do not give to a pt with heart failure
What are some drugs that can cause secondary hypertension?
Oral contraceptives
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
What drugs are lipid lowering
Statins
Niacin
Fibrates
Statin
Statinsslow down LDL raise hdl
Watch liver function test with these
As we are giving meds the chol will be excreted in the liver so we want to make sure we are not over working it
Most ppl are allergic s/s are muscle tenderness and weakness
Not recommended for women of child bearing age
Metabolized better at night
Niacin
B vitamin
Can be used for minimially elevated chol levels or can be used alongside of a statin
S/s- flushing
How can flushing be avoided with niacin ?
Take a 325 mg aspirin 30 minutes before niacin
Fibrates
Gemfibrozil
Help decrease ldl levels
When you start a pt on cholesterol medicine
Bring them back every 6 weeks for the first 6 months or until the goal is reached
Stress test
Will show when pt starts to have chest pain and if they dye gets sucked up or not. If it doesn’t it indicates damage
Echo
Shows heart wall motion
Do we have an effective pump
Is blood flowing the right direction
Do we have enough cardiac output
What is given with to treat angina and or assessments?
Oxygen ( always initiate o2 at onset of chest pain)
Nitroglycerin/ nitro
PQRST pain assessment
Vital signs
Resperatory
What is important to watch for someone with edema?
LUNGS first!!
Next Skin!
Why should you never abruptly stop taking metoprolol
Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause rebound hypertension
Nitroglycerin
Can primarily dilate veins but at higher doses dilate arteries as well
Nitroglycerin
Primarily dilates veins but at higher doses dilate arteries as well
Aspirin
Not usually for pain but for blood clots
Anti inflammatory
Anti pain
Anti pyretic
Anti platelet regurgitation
Watch for gi bleeding
Stomach pain tinnitus
Thrombocytopenia
Clopidogrel (plavix)
“When platelets gather together use plavix for crowd control”
Echo is used to diagnose
Heart failure and valve disorders
PAD
Intermittent claudication pain
No edema
No pulse or weak pulse no drainage
Round smooth sores
Black eschar
Loacation of sores toes and feet
PVD
Dull achy pain
Lower leg edema
Pulse present
Drainage
Sores with irregular borders
Yellow slough or ruddy skin
Location of ankles
When should you monitor for dysrhythmias ?
Furosemide (low potassium)
PCA
CCCA (cardiac cath)
surgical interventions for coronary artery disease
Cardiac cath CCCA
PERCUTANEOUS transluminal interventions
Coronary artery bypass
What is the PERCUTANEOUS coronary interventions?
PCTA , coronary artery stent
BNP
Lab for CHF
Digoxin
A fib a flutter, systolic
Check apical pulse for 1min
Call monitor tech to watch rhythm
Watch potassium
Digoxin toxcicity
Avoid with pt with MI
Digivine-antedote
Hold if pulse is less than 60
CHF treatment
Upright position
Nitrates
LASIX
Oxygen
Ace inhibitor
Digoxin
Fluids(decrease)
After load (decrease)
Sodium restriction
Test (digoxin level, ABGs, potassium levels)
DVT:virchows triead
Venous stasis
Vessel wall injury
altered blood coagulation
If you have a mechanical valve you are more than likely to take blank for the resto of your life
Anticoagulant- to prevent blood clots
Anticoagulants:
Warfarin
ENOXAPARIN
Heparin
When are you most at risk for digoxin channel blocker?
When you are low on potassium (common trigger hypokalemia)
ARBS-losartan
Good to use if intolerant to ace
HTN, CHF
How does HTN affect vessels?
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Inflammatory response
Eval of chest pain
Stress test
Echo
Cardiac cath
Cardiac cath post op
Assess Catheter site for bleeding or hematoma
Check 5 ps
Monitor dysrhythmias
Bed rest 2-6 hrs
Affected extremity straight
HOB no greater than 30
Encourage fluid in take why?
Safety!!
PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Same pre op and post op as ccca
PCI
Percutaneous coronary interventions
PTCA
Coronary artery stent
What is acute coronary artery syndrome an umbrella term for
Unstable angina and MI
Skin hair and nail changes during PAD
Cool and pale
White or blanched (when elevated)
Rubor(reddish discoloration in dependent position)
Loss of hair
Brittle nails
Dry shiny scaly skin
Ulcerations
Bruits
Cyanosis
Gangrenous
Venous insufficiency
Chronic venous stasis
Edema
Brownish discoloration
Pain
